ill 

mi  ki 

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1  I  S  T  O  R  Y 


O  F  T  3 .  ] 


METY    HiIGHTH 


PENNSYLVANIA 


VOLUNTEEBS. 


3S 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


IS- 


-THE 


ONE  HUNDRED  HND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

REGIMENT, 

PENNSYLVHNIS  VOLUNTEERS, 

SIXTH  UNION  LESGUE  OF  PHILSDELPMIS. 


HISTORY 


ONE  HUNDRED  IND  NINETY-EIGHTH 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS, 


A    COMPLETE   RECORD    OF    THE    REGIMENT,  WITH    ITS    CAMPS, 
MARCHES  AND  BATTLES;  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  PER- 
SONAL RECORD  OF  EVERY  OFFICER  AND  MAN 
DURING  HIS  TERM  OF  SERVICE. 


MAJOR  E.  M.  WOODWARD, 

AUTHOR   OF 

The  Citizen    Soldiery ;    Our  Campaigns ;  History  of  Third  Reser, 
Bonaparte 's  Park  and  the  Mtirats ;    History  of  Burlington 
County,  N.  J. ;   Old  Families  of  Burlington 
County,  N.  J.,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


EMBELLISHED  WITH  FOUR  STEEL-PLflTE  PORTRAITS. 


TRENTON,  N.  J. : 
MACCRELI.ISH.  &  QUIGLEY,  BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTERS,  16  E.  STATE  ST. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1884,  by 

E.  M.  WOODWARD, 
In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


5~-? 


TO 

MAJOR-GENERAL  HORATIO  GATES  SICKEL, 

A    SOLDIER    OK    THE    ARMY    OF    THE    POTOMAC 
WHO   SERVED    THROUGHOUT    THE   WAR; 

THE  FATHER 

OF   THE   REGIMENT,    WHO    LED    IT   TO   THE   FIELD; 
THE   FAITHFUL   AND    STEADFAST 

PATRIOT, 

THIS    RECORD   OF   GLORIOUS    DEEDS 

IS    RESPECTFULLY    INSCRIBED   BY 

THE  AUTHOR. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

ACTION  OF  THE  UNION  LEAGUE  —  DETERMINATION  TO  RAISE  A  SIXTH 
REGIMENT  —  THE  REGIMENT  ORGANIZED  —  PRESENTATION  OF  COLORS 
—  DEPARTURE  FOR  THE  FRONT  —  EMBARK  AT  WASHINGTON  —  DOWN 
THE  POTOMAC — UP  THE  JAMES  —  CITY  POINT  — SCENE  AT  THE  BASE 
OF  THE  ARMY  —  TELEGRAPH  TO  GENERAL  MEADE — ORDERED  TO 
REPORT  TO  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  JAMES  —  DISEMBARK  AT  BERMUDA 
HUNDRED  —  ORDERED  TO  JOIN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC — RETURN 
TO  CITY  POINT.  • 

CHAPTER  II. 

BRIEF  REVIEW  OF  THE  OPERATIONS  UNDER  GENERAL  GRANT  —  MANY 
SANGUINARY  BATTLES  —  THE  NECESSITY  OF  THE  LINE  OF  MARCH  — 
THE  ARMY  OF  THE  JAMES  —  GENERAL  BUTLER  BOTTLED  UP  —  IN 
FRONT  OF  PETERSBURG  —  A  XIGHT  COMBAT  —  THE  SIEGE  —  MOVE- 
MENTS TO  THE  LEFT — BURNSIDE'S  MINE — DESCRIPTION  OF  IT — WANT 
OF  GALLANTRY  IN  THE  OFFICERS — MISERABLE  FAILURE  —  HANCOCK 
CROSSES  THE  JAMES — WARREN  PUSHES  TO  THE  LEFT  —  BATTLES  — 
HANCOCK  TO  THE  LEFT  —  DESCRIPTION  OF  OUR  ENTRENCHMENTS  IN 
FRONT  OF  PETERSBURG  —  OF  THE  LINES  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  JAMES. 


CHAPTER  III. 

THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  TO  THE  LEFT  —  THE  YELLOW 
TAVERN  —  ASSIGNED  TO  THE  FIRST  BRIGADE  —  FIRST  DIVISION — FIFTH 
ARMY  CORPS  —  COLONEL  SICKEL  PLACED  IN  COMMAND  OF  THE  BRIG- 
ADE—  COMPOSITION  OF  THE  DIVISION  —  OF  THE  CORPS  —  LIEUTENANT- 
COLONEL  MURRAY  COMMANDS  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

—  CAMP  SICKEL — BATTLE  OF  PEBBLE'S  FARM — POPLAR  SPRING  CHURCH 

—  BREASTWORKS  AND  SKIRMISHING  —  TALMADGE'S  FARM  —  RESULT  OF 
WARREN'S  MOVEMENT  —  BUTLER  TO  THE  RIGHT — CARRIES  FORT  HAR- 
RISON—  KAUTZ  SURPRISED. 


viii  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

CAMP  URMSTON —  STATE  ELECTION  —  EXECUTION  OP  A  DESERTER  —  INSPEC- 
TION—  MOVE  CAMP  —  BATTLE  OF  BOYDTON  PLANK-ROAD  —  GENERAL 
ADVANCE  OF  THE  WHOLE  LINE  —  PARKE'S  ASSAULT  —  HANCOCK  MOVES 

—  CRAWFORD,  MOTT,  EAGEN  AND  GREGG  FIGHT  —  SQUIRREL  LEVEL  — 
THE  CHAPEL  —  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  —  THANKSGIVING  DAY  —  CON- 
TINUALLY UNDER  FIRE. 

CHAPTER  V. 

RAID  ON  THE  WELDON  RAILROAD — THE  MARCH  —  JERUSALEM  PLANK-ROAD 
— SUSSEX  COURT  HOUSE — TEARING  UP  THE  ROAD — ANIMATED  SCENE — 
BELLFIELD — HICKSFORD — RETURN — WINTER  QUARTERS — LIEUTENANT- 
COLONEL  MURRAY — SHERMAN'S  MARCH — ENLISTMENT  OF  SLAVES. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

BATTLE  OF  HATCHER'S  RUN — THE  FIFTH  CARRY  THE  BREASTWORKS  — 
BIVOUAC — SILENT  MARCH — SUCCESSFUL  FEINT  —  CRAWFORD  DRIVES 
PEGRAM — GREGG  AND  AYRES  ROLLED  UP — MAHONE — HUMPHREY 
FIGHTS — NIGHT  ASSAULT — THE  ENEMY  REPULSED — BURYING  THE 
DEAD — BUILDING  BREASTWORKS — WINTER  QUARTERS. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

SHERIDAN  AND  SHERMAN — SURPRISE  OF  FORT  STEADMAN — THREE  THOUS- 
AND PRISONERS  TAKEN — SUPPORTS  THE  NINTH,  SIXTH  AND  SECOND 
CORPS — GRANT'S  GRAND  MOVEMENT — BATTLE  OF  LEWIS'  FARM,  OR 
QUAKER  ROAD — CHAMBERLAIN  AND  SICKEL  RALLY  THE  LINES — 
DEATH  OF  MAJOR  MACEUEN  AND  CAPTAIN  MULFREY  —  SICKEL,  SPACK- 
MAN,  GARDNER,  WRIGLEY,  KELLER,  MILLER  AND  MITCHELL  WOUNDED 
— CHAPLAIN  POMEROY — BATTLE  OF  WHITE  OAK  RIDGE — MAJOR  GLENN- 
ASSUMES  COMMAND  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH — CHAM- 
BERLAIN'S PLAN  OF  BATTLE  AND  VICTORY — CAPTURE  OF  A  REBEL  FLAG 

—  DEATH  OF  SHRCEDER  AND  POMEROY — SHERIDAN  AT  FIVE  FORKS  AND 
DINWIDDIE  COURT  HOUSE — AYRES  TO  HIS  RELIEF. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

BATTLE  OF  FIVE  FORKS — GALLANT  CHARGE  OF  MAJOR  GLENN  —  FALL  OF 
GLENN  —  WARREN  RELIEVED  —  CAPTAIN  STANTON  ASSUMES  COMMAND 
OF  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  —  GENERAL  ASSAULT — 
CLAIBORNE'S  ROAD  —  TIRESOME  MARCH  —  DAVIS  EVACUATES  RICH- 
MOND—  REJOICING  IN  OUR  LINES — WEITZEL  ENTERS  THE  CAPITAL  — 
AIM  OF  LEE  TO  UNITE  WITH  JOHNSON  —  His  RETREAT  —  RELENTLESS 
SHERIDAN  —  INFANTRY  FOLLOWING  —  SAILOR'S  CREEK. 


CONTENTS.  ix 

CHAPTER  IX. 

LEE'S  HOPELESS  RETREAT — EXCITING  PURSUIT — CITIZENS  TERROR  STRICKEN 

—  LEE'S  OFFICERS — GRANT  ASKS  A  SURRENDER  —  GRANT'S  AND  LEE'S 
LETTERS  —  CAPTURE  OF  SUPPLIES  —  LEE'S  DELUSIVE  HOPE  —  FURTHER 
CORRESPONDENCE  —  SURPRISE  AND  DESPAIR  OF  THE  ENEMY  —  THE  LAST 
STRUGGLE  —  FLAG  OF  TRUCE  —  MEETING  OF  GRANT  AND  LEE — THE  ONE 
HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  LOSES  THE  LAST  MAN  IN  THE  WAR  — 
TERMS  OF  SURRENDER — WILD  REJOICING — THE  ARMIES  FRATERNIZE — 
THEY  SLEEP  TOGETHER  IN  THE  SAME  VALLEY  —  A  DAY  OF  FRIENDLY 
VISITS  —  IMPRESSIVE  SCENE  OF  SURRENDER  —  THE  PARTING  OF  LEE  AND 
His  MEN — THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  FACE  HOMEWARD 

—  LINCOLN  THE  LAST  SACRIFICE  OF  THE  NATION  —  SOLEMN  SERVICE  IN 
CAMP  —  PASSING  THROUGH  PETERSBURG  AND  RICHMOND — REVIEWED  BY 
GRANT  AND  MEADE — To  FREDERICKSBURG — To  ARLINGTON — MUSTERED 
OUT — ARRIVAL  AT  HOME — THEIR  RECEPTION — PAID  OFF. 


ILLUSTRflTIONS. 


THE  AUTHOR,  Frontispiece. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  SICKEL,  - Page    1 

MAJOR  CHARLES  IZARD  MACEUEN,  -        ...          Page  44 

"TOM,"  -        - Page(i4 


PREPUCE. 


T^HE  THIRD  YEAR  of  the  war  found  the  loyal  North 
*-  unalterably  determined  to  conquer  or  perish  in  the  great 
struggle  for  National  existence.  The  blood  poured  out  upon 
the  altar  of  our  country,  the  treasures  sacrificed  in  the  field, 
had  cemented  the  great  heart  of  the  Nation,  and  the  people 
had  risen  to  that  elevation  of  patriotism  that  their  only  hope 
and  wish  seemed  concentrated  upon  the  one  inspiring  thought. 
The  cause  was  not  alone  for  our  country,  or  for  our  genera- 
tion, but  for  all  lands  and  for  all  times.  It  was  not  simply 
to  determine  the  existence  of  our  "  Nation  conceived  in  liberty 
and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men  were  created 
equal,"  but  whether  "any  Nation  so  conceived  and  dedicated" 
could  "long  endure."  If  we  failed,  "government  by  the 
people"  would  perish  from  the  earth. 

The  journal  of  General  Sickel,  the  regimental  books,  the 
official  reports  of  generals,  war  books,  letters  from  officers  and 
men,  and  the  maps  of  the  Engineer  Bureau,  are  the  sources 
from  which  information  has  been  drawn. 

The  rolls  have  been  so  prepared  as  to  show  the  main  items 
of  the  record  of  each  individual  soldier,  and  the  lists  of  the 
killed,  wounded  and  missing  of  each  battle,  taken  from  the 
company  reports.  The  MSS.  was  submitted  to  the  inspection 
of  a  number  of  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment,  no  state- 
ment has  been  made  that  did  not  seem  to  rest  upon  authentic 
information,  and  the  end  and  aim  has  been  to  give  a  clear 


xiv  PREFACE. 

and  truthful  history  of  the  regiment  and  the  scenes  it  partici- 
pated in.  Minor  omissions,  doubtlessly,  have  been  made,  and 
errors  have  crept  in — perfection  is  not  claimed. 

E.  M.  W. 

ELLISDALE,  Monmouth  county,  New  Jersey. 


«TFT7  fTft     (&.  A  '7TTrT^3  £?     C1^  "TT  T1 
i-ll.  iL  ^C-     *SPjii!.Ii  JJil  ti    ia)  1L  »-* 

Erev.  \Taj.  Gsn..  TJ.  S  .  V0ls . 


THE 


198!!  PENNSYLVANIA  YOLUNTEERS 


(SIXTH  UNION  LEAGUE). 


CHAPTER  I. 

ACTION  OF  THE  UNION  LEAGUE  —  DETERMINATION  TO  RAISE  A  SIXTH 
REGIMENT  —  THE  REGIMENT  ORGANIZED  —  PRESENTATION  OF  COLORS 
—  DEPARTURE  FOR  THE  FRONT  —  EMBARK  AT  WASHINGTON  —  DOWN 
THE  POTOMAC  —  UP  THE  JAMES  —  CITY  POINT  —  SCENE  AT  THE  BASE 
OF  THE  ARMY  —  TELEGRAPH  TO  GENERAL  MEADE  —  ORDERED  TO  RE- 
PORT TO  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  JAMES  —  DISEMBARK  AT  BERMUDA  HUN- 
DRED—  ORDERED  TO  JOIN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC  —  RETURN  TO 
CITY  POINT. 

AMONG  the  numerous  organizations  formed  to  uphold 
the  government  and  to  assist  it  in  the  suppression  of 
the  rebellion,  the  Union  League  probably  rendered  the 
most  efficient  aid.  That  of  Philadelphia  had  already  sent 
five  regiments  to  the  field,  and  upon  learning  it  was  the 
desire  of  Colonel  Sickel  to  again  enter  the  service,  it 
resolved  to  raise  a  sixth  regiment  of  infantry  of  fourteen 
hundred  men,  and  place  under  his  command.  Sickel  im- 
mediately proceeded  to  Harrisburg  and  obtained  the  sanc- 
tion of  Andrew  G.  Curtin,  the  "War  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania." The  use  of  the  National  Guards  Hall,  on  liace 
street,  below  Sixth,  was  obtained,  and  recruiting  com- 
menced on  the  26th  of  July,  1864.  A  large  number  of  the 
2 


2  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

officers  and  men  of  the  late  Third  Reserve  joined  the  new 
organization,  and  SickePs  reputation  as  an  officer,  aided  by 
the  energy  of  John  H.  Orne,  Esq.,  chairman  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Union  League,  and  their  generous 
liberality,  in  the  short  space  of  five  weeks  filled  the  ranks 
of  the  regiment,  which  was  thoroughly  organized,  armed 
and  equipped  at  Camp  Cadwallader,  in  the  northwestern 
section  of  the  city,  and  on  the  15th  of  September,  1864,  it 
was  mustered  into  the  United  States  service. 

Early  on  Sunday  morning,  the  19th,  the  regiment  bid 
farewell  to  Camp  Cadwallader,  and,  marching  down  Ridge 
Avenue  to  Twelfth  street,  and  thence  to  Chestnut,  halted 
in  front  of  the  Union  League  House,  where  a  beautiful 
suit  of  colors  were  presented  to  them,  Daniel  Dougherty, 
Esq.,  "  the  silver  tongued  orator,"  making  the  presentation 
speech  in  behalf  of  the  League.  Colonel  Sickel  responded 
in  a  few  earnest  words,  and  when  the  guard  received  the 
colors,  the  regiment  presented  arms,  and  the  vast  multitude 
of  citizens  cheered  for  the  Union  and  the  regiment.  They 
then  moved  up  Chestnut  street  to  Broad,  and  thence  down 
to  the  Baltimore  depot.  Here  Colonel  Sickel  was  intro- 
duced to  General  Grant,  who  had  just  arrived  from  Burling- 
ton, New  Jersey,  where  his  family  was  on  a  visit.  The 
Colonel  expressed  a  desire  to  be  assigned  to  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  to  which  the  General  replied  that  all  new 
troops  were  ordered  to  the  Army  of  the  James,  but,  as  he 
was  one  of  General  Meade's  old  colonels,  and,  as  the  General 
had  expressed  a  desire  for  his  assignment,  he  would  issue 
the  necessary  order  upon  reaching  City  Point.  The  regi- 
ment then  embarked  aboard  the  cars,  whence  they  proceeded 
through  Wilmington  and  over  the  Susquehannah  to  Balti- 
more, where  they  arrived  about  three  o'clock  the  next 
morning.  Bivouacing  in  the  yard  of  the  depot  at  nine  that 
day,  they  took  cars  for  Washington,  which  city  they  reached 
about  noon.  The  bridges  on  the  entire  route  were  guarded, 
and  between  Baltimore  and  the  Capital  the  soldiers  were 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  3 

stationed  at  short  intervals.  Moving  into  the  government 
barracks,  they  remained  there  until  the  21st,  when  they 
marched  to  Seventh  street  wharf,  and  Companies  A,  F,  D,  I, 
H  and  C,  under  Major  Glenn,  and  E,  K,  G  and  B,  under  the 
Colonel,  embarked  aboard  the  steamers  Weems  and  Thames. 
Casting  loose  from  the  wharf  and  moving  out,  they  steamed 
down  the  broad  and  beautiful  Potomac,  the  drums  ruffling 
and  the  men  uncovering  as  they  passed  Mount  Vernon. 
Points  of  deep  interest  to  some,  and  familiarity  to  others, 
were  passed.  When  entering  the  Chesapeake,  they  moved 
southward,  and,  rounding  Fortress  Monroe,  entered  the 
James  river.  Passing  the  site  of  Jamestown,  where,  nearly 
two  centuries  and  a  half  ago,*  the  great  curse  of  our  country 
was  first  introduced,  and  the  seed  sown  that  ultimately  ger- 
minated in  our  gigantic  war,  they  anchored  off  City  Point 
on  the  evening  of  the  next  day. 

There  was  presented  a  most  animated  scene.  Innumer- 
able ships,  barks,  brigs,  schooners,  etc.,  were  at  anchor  in 
the  river,  through  which  steamers  of  all  sizes  and  descrip- 
tions were  continually  winding  their  way.  For  half  a  mile 
the  shore  was  covered  with  commissary  stores  and  ammuni- 
tion. There  were  thousands  of  tons  on  the  wharf  boats 
and  thousands  more  awaiting  to  be  landed.  Numerous 
commissary,  sutler,  guard  and  other  tents  were  there.  Many 
sutlers,  soldiers,  government  employes  and  contrabands 
were  loitering  about  or  busy  at  work.  Innumerable  wagons, 
ambulances,  officers  and  orderlies  were  continually  moving 
to  and  fro ;  and  with  the  arrival  and  departure  of  trains, 
the  scene  was  one  of  life  and  activity,  only  witnessed  at  the 
base  of  great  armies. 

Immediately  upon  arrival  the  Colonel  telegraphed  to 
General  Meade,  requesting  to  be  assigned  to  his  army,  and 
received  a  reply  from  Adjutant-General  Seth  Williams, 
stating  the  General  was  out  on  the  works ;  and  as  all  new 

*  The  first  slaves  brought  to  Virginia  were  sold  from  a  Dutch  vessel,  which  landed  twenty 
at  Jamestown,  December  22d,  1020. 


4  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

troops  were  ordered  to  report  to  General  Butler,  be  had 
better  land  at  Bermuda  Hundred.  Accordingly,  early  the 
next  morning  tbey  weighed  anchor  and  steamed  directly 
north  to  Bermuda  Hundred,  two  miles  distant,  where  Beau- 
regard  "bottled  up"  Butler  in  May.  Disembarking,  the 
regiment  was  marched  some  three  miles  to  the  southwest, 
and  encamped  for  the  night.  During  the  night,  General 
Meade's  attention  having  been  called  to  the  Colonel's  tele- 
gram, he  telegraphed  to  Grant  to  have  the  regiment 
assigned  to  his  army,  in  compliance  with  which  General 
Grant,  upon  his  arrival  at  City  Point  the  next  morning,  dis- 
patched an  order  to  Sickel  to  re-embark  his  men  on  any 
transport  he  could  find,  and  return  with  them  to  the  Point. 
This  order  reached  the  Colonel  by  one  of  General  Grant's 
orderlies  at  midnight,  during  a  heavy  thunder-storm,  and, 
appreciating  the  compliment  that  had  been  paid  him,  as  his 
regiment  was  the  only  new  one  that  had  been  assigned  to 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  he  beat  reveille  at  three  o'clock, 
and  had  two  days'  rations  issued  and  cooked  and  the  men 
on  the  march  by  daylight.  Arriving  at  Bermuda  Hundred, 
the  large  steamship  Columbia  was  found  to  be  the  only 
transport  at  the  landing,  and  the  Quartermaster  of  the  sta- 
tion refused  to  grant  the  use  of  her,  but  upon  being  assured 
by  the  Colonel  that  he  would  seize  her  in  the  name  of  Gen- 
eral Grant,  he  acquiesced.  Embarking,  they  reached  City 
Point  at  eleven  o'clock. 


PENNS YL  VANIA  VOL  UNTEERS. 


CHAPTER  II. 

BRIEF  REVIEW  OF  THE  OPERATIONS  UNDER  GENERAL  GRANT — MANY  SAN- 
GUINARY BATTLES — THE  NECESSITY  OF  THE  LINE  OF  MARCH — THE 
ARMY  OF  THE  JAMES — GENERAL  BUTLER  BOTTLED  UP — IN  FRONT 
OF  PETERSBURG — A  NIGHT  COMBAT — THE  SIEGE — MOVEMENTS  TO 
THE  LEFT — BURNSIDE'S  MINE — DESCRIPTION  OF  IT -A  WANT  OF  GAL- 
LANTRY IN  THE  OFFICERS — MISERABLE  FAILURE — HANCOCK  CROSSES 
THE  JAMES  —  WARREN  PUSHES  TO  THE  LEFT — BATTLES — HANCOCK 
TO  THE  LEFP — DESCRIPTION  OF  OUR  ENTRENCHMENTS  IN  FRONT  OF 
PETERSBURG  —  OF  THE  LINES  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  JAMES. 

T  ET  US  here  briefly  review  the  operations  of  the  army. 
-LJ  Ulysses  S.  Grant,*  who  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Gen- 
eralf  commanding  all  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  on 
the  4th  of  May,  1864,  at  the  head  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, then  numbering  over  one  hundred  thousand  men, 
crossed  the  Rapidan  on  Lee's  right,  and  pushed  straight 
into  "  The  Wilderness."  Through  this  broken  table-land, 
seamed  with  ravines  and  densely  covered  with  dwarfish 
timber  and  brush,  Grant  confidently  expected  to  get,  unas- 
sailed ;  but,  being  attacked,  had  no  choice  left  but  to  fight. 
The  two  armies,  moving  on  parallel  lines  in  a  southeasterly 
direction,  after  many  sanguinary  battles,  and  mutually  heavy 
losses,  reached  the  Chickahominy.  Grant  cutting  loose 
from  his  base  on  the  Rapidan,  established  it  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  then  at  Port  Royal,  and  finally  at  White  House ;  so  he 
was  always  within  a  short  distance  of  it  to  draw  his  sup- 
plies and  send  his  wounded. 

Grant,  baffled  in  his  attempt  to  force  himself  between  Lee 
and  Richmond,  determined  to  cross  the  James  and  attack 
Richmond  from  the  south.  This,  seemingly,  uncovered 
Washington,  but  with  the  insurgent  army  hard  pressed 
around  Richmond  by  a  superior  force,  and  with  the  country 

*  Born  April  27th,  1822. 
t  March  1st,  1864. 


6  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

northward,  from  Richmond  to  the  Potomac,  utterly  exhausted 
and  devastated,  by  the  time  the  insurgent  forces  could  march 
to  the  Rappahannock,  Grant  could  transport  to  the  Capital  the 
bulk  of  his  army.  Critics  may  ask,  why  it  was  not  better  to 
send  the  army  to  Petersburg  by  water  at  once,  and  save  the 
loss  of  life  incurred  by  the  land  route.  To  have  left  the 
insurgents  on  the  Rapidan  and  taken  ship  for  the  James 
would  have  been  the  certain  loss  of  our  Capital  or  the  fatal 
division  of  our  forces.  Besides,  the  losses  to  the  insurgents 
were  greater  in  proportion  to  their  resources  than  ours. 

General  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  commanding  at  Fortress 
Monroe,  having  been  re-enforced  by  the  Eighteenth  Corps, 
Major-General  William  F.  Smith,*  and  the  Tenth  (from 
South  Carolina),  General  Quincey  A.  Gillmore,f  raising  his 
effective  disposable  force  to  some  30,000,  by  order  of  Gen- 
eral Grant,  on  the  4th  of  May  moved  up  the  James  and 
seized  Bermuda  Hundred,  a  peninsula  between  the  James 
and  the  Appomattox.  General  Butler  made  some  demon- 
strations against  Petersburg  and  the  railroad  leading  to 
Richmond,  a  portion  of  which  he  destroyed,  but  BeauregardJ 
being  relieved  at  Charleston  by  the  withdrawal  of  Gillmore's 
Corps,  hastened  with  his  forces  to  confront  him.  Before 
daylight  on  the  16th  the  insurgents  attacked  our  forces,  and 
compelled  them  to  fall  back,  with  a  loss  to  each  side  of 
about  4,000  men.  Beauregard  then  erected  a  line  of  earth- 
works across  the  neck  of  the  peninsula  in  front  of  our  troops, 
and  Butler  reported  himself  "  bottled  up."  Butler  had  con- 
siderable fighting  along  his  front,  but  none  of  a  decisive 
nature.  He  sent  General  Kautz  on  a  moderately  successful 
raid,  and  detached  Smith's  corps  to  re-enforce  Grant.  On 


*Of  Vermont. 

fOf  Ohio.  Reduced  Fort  Pulaski,  below  Savannah,  Ga.,  April  llth,  1863.  Succeeds  Gen- 
eral Hunter  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  South  June  12th,  18C3.  Establishes  the 
"  Swamp  Angel"  five  miles  below  Charleston.  Captures  Fort  Wagner,  South  Carolina,  Sep- 
tember 7th,  1863. 

J  General  G.  T.  Beauregard,  formerly  an  officer  United  States  Army.  Hero  of  Fort  Sum- 
ter,  April  14th,  1861.  Commanded  the  rebels  at  Bull  Run.  Assigned  to  the  command  of  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.  Urged  the  execution  of  prisoners  and  the  raising  of  the  Black  Flag  October,  1802. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  7 

the  8th  of  June  he  sent  General  Gillmore  with  3,500  to 
attack  Petersburg  on  the  north,  and  General  Kautz  with 
1,500  cavalry  to  attack  it  on  the  southwest  Gillmore 
advanced  within  two  miles  of  the  city,  driving  in  the  ene- 
my's skirmishers,  but,  deeming  his  force  too  weak,  withdrew. 
While  the  insurgents'  attention  was  concentrated  on  Gill- 
more,  Kautz  made  his  way  into  the  city ;  but  upon  the  with- 
drawal of  Gillmore,  he  was  speedily  driven  out. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  struck  the  James  at  Wilcox's 
wharf,  a  few  miles  below  Westover,  and,  pontoons  and  ferry- 
boats being  at  hand,  the  passage  was  promptly  made  on  the 
14th  and  15th  of  June.  Grant  then  hurried  to  the  Army 
of  the  James  and  ordered  Gen.  Butler  to  at  once  move 
Smith's  corps,  which  had  just  rejoined  him,  against  Peters- 
burg, A.  P.  Hill,  with  the  van  of  Lee's  army,  having 
already  arrived  there.  Petersburg,  on  the  south  bank  of 
the  Appomattox,  twenty-two  miles  south  of  Richmond,  is 
the  focus  of  all  the  railroads  but  the  Danville,  which  con- 
nects the  insurgent  capitol  with  the  south  and  southwest. 
If  taken  and  held  by  our  forces,  the  Confederate  government 
and  army  would  be  compelled  to  abandon  Richmond. 
Smith  attacked,  by  noon  of  the  15th,  a  black  brigade,  tak- 
ing a  line  of  rifle-pits  and  two  guns.  But  an  unaccountable 
delay  ensued,  and  it  was  near  sundown  before  he  renewed 
the  assault,  when  the  rifle-pits  in  his  front,  with  three  hun- 
dred prisoners  and  sixteen  guns,  were  captured.  General 
Hancock*  with  two  divisions,  the  van  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  now  arrived  and  waved  his  seniority;  and  Smith, 
instead  of  pressing  on  with  resoluteness,  at  this  critical 
moment,  when  moments  were  so  precious,  determined  to 
wait  till  morning.  When  morning  came  Lee's  veterans 
were  there,  and  Petersburg  was  beyond  our  grasp. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Army  of  Virginia 
again  stood  face  to  face.  At  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  of 

*  Major-General  Winfield  Scott  Hancock,  Pennsylvania. 


8  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

the  next  day,  Meade  gave  the  orders  for  a  general  assault. 
Hancock's,  Burnside's*  and  part  of  Warren's  corps  charged, 
in  the  face  of  a  terrible  fire,  the  enemy's  rifle-pits,  and  a 
night  of  combat  and  carnage  ensued,  resulting  in  our  carry- 
ing some  of  their  works  and  generally  advancing  our  line, 
though  at  a  heavy  cost  of  life  to  both  parties.  Butler,  the 
same  day,  advanced  General  Terry  f  against  the  Richmond 
railroad,  but  with  no  marked  success,  and  on  the  18th 
another  general  assault  was  ordered.  The  enemy  was  found 
to  have  withdrawn  to  a  more  symmetrical  line  nearer  Peters- 
burg, and  it  was  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  before  the 
assault  was  commenced.  Impetuous  and  bloody  as  it  was, 
it  resulted  in  no  good,  except  in  establishing  the  fact  that 
the  city  could  not  be  carried  by  direct  assault. 

Grant,  therefore,  commenced  intrenching  strongly  in  its 
front,  and  the  Second  and  Sixth  Corps,  Generals  Hancock 
and  Wright,|  were  moved  to  the  left,  to  turn  the  enemy's 
right  and  seize  the  Weldon  railroad.  A.  P.  Hill,  however, 
had  watched  this  movement,  and  two  heavy  engagements 
took  place  on  the  22d  and  23d  of  June,  resulting  in  no 
advantage  save  a  moderate  extension  of  our  left  towards  the 
Weldon  railroad.  On  the  same  day,  the  21st,  Generals 
Wilson  §  and  Kautz,  with  8,000  cavalry,  had  been  sent  still 
further  to  the  left,  and  succeeded  in  destroying  many  miles 
of  the  Weldon,  the  Lynchburg,  and  the  Danville  railroads, 
but  were  met  by  a  superior  force,  and,  with  the  loss  of  thir- 
teen guns,  thirty  wagons,  and  one  thousand  men.  rejoined 
the  army.  About  the  same  time,  our  right  was  extended 
by  General  Butler  throwing  a  pontoon  bridge  over  the  James 
at  Deep  Bottom,  and  strongly  posting  himself  there,  within 

*  Major-General  Ambrose  E.  Burnside,  a  graduate  of  West  Point— Colonel  First  Rhode 
Island  Infantry — Brigadier-General  August  6th,  1 8C1 — Major-General  March  18th,  1862 — Captures 
Roanoke  Island  February  8th — Newbern,  March  14th — Fort  Macon,  April  25th  1862 — Com- 
manded the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Fredericksburg — Captures  Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn.,  Sep- 
tember 9th,  1863— After  the  war,  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  United  States  Senator. 

f  General  Alfred  H.  Terry,  Connecticut. 

|  Major-General  H.  G.  Wright,  Connecticut. 

§  General  James  H.  Wilson,  Illinois.  Detached  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  sent 
to  General  Thomas.  Raids  through  Alabama,  and  captures  Selma  and  Montgomery. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  9 

ten  miles  of  Richmond.  More  or  less  fighting  occurred 
along  the  line,  until  the  26th  of  July,  when  Grant  threw 
Hancock,  with  the  Second  Corps,  across  the  James,  who 
turned  the  enemy's  advance  position  and  drove  them  behind 
Bailey's  creek.  This  attack  drew  five  of  Lee's  eight  remain- 
ing divisions  over  the  James. 

A  mine  had  been  run  under  an  insurgent  fort,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet,  in  front  of  Burnside's  lines.*  At  sixteen 
minutes  of  five,  on  the  morning  of  the  30th,  it  was  sprung, 
blowing  the  fort  into  the  air,  destroying  its  garrison  of  three 
hundred  men,  and  leaving  a  crater  two  hundred  feet  long, 
fifty  wide,  and  about  twenty-five  deep.f  Instantly  the  guns 
along  our  whole  front  opened. 

Four  hundred  yards  behind  the  fort  was  Cemetery  Hill, 
the  possession  of  which  would  speedily  cause  the  fall  of 
Petersburg,  and  Grant  had  ordered  an  assault  to  immedi- 
ately follow  the  explosion.  Instead  of  Burnside's  division 
commanders  vieing  with  each  other  for  the  honor  of  leading 
the  assault,  they  were  allowed  to  cast  lots  which  should,  in 
fact,  stay  out,  and,  unfortunately,  it  fell  on  General  LedlieJ 
to  go  in.  The  column,  when  wanted,  was  not  ready;  pre- 
cious moments  were  lost;  but,  at  last, it  moved  forward  into 
the  crater,  and  there  it  stayed. §  Then  parts  of  Pot- 

*  This  mine  was  conceived  and  executed  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Henry  Pleasants,  of  the 
Forty-Eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  then  commanding  a  brigade  in  the  Ninth  Corps.  The 
work  was  done  by  the  men  of  his  regiment,  most  of  whom  were  coal  miners,  from  Schuylkill 
county.  The  main  gallery  was  510.8  feet  long.  The  left  lateral  gallery  was  37  feet,  and  the 
right  lateral  gallery  was  38  feet  long,  the  entire  length  being  585.8  feet.  The  amount  of  earth 
excavated  was  18,000  cubic  feet,  all  of  which  was  carried  in  cracker  boxes,  slung  between  poles, 
for  lack  of  wheelbarrows.  The  timber  used  to  plank  it  up, was  mostly  obtained  by  tearing  down 
a  rebel  bridge.  The  mine  was  about  2,5  feet  under  ground.  It  had  eight  magazines,  in  which 
were  placed  four  tons  of  powder.  Ten  feet  of  the  entrance  of  each  of  the  lateral  galleries,  and 
thirty-four  feet  of  the  main  gallery,  were  tamped.  It  was  commenced  on  the  25th  of  June  and 
finished  on  the  23d  of  July. — Lieutenant- Colonel  Pleasants'  Official  Report. 

t  Lieutenant-Colonel  Pleasants'  report. 

\  Brigadier-General  James  H.  Ledlie,  of  New  York. 

%  Lieutenant-Colonel  Pleasants,  in  his  official  report,  says  :  "  I  stood  on  top  of  our  breast- 
works and  witnessed  the  effect  of  the  explosion  on  the  enemy.  It  so  completely  paralyzed  him 
that  the  breadth  of  the  breach,  instead  of  being  only  two  hundred  feet,  was,  practically,  four  or 
five  hundred  yards.  The  rebels  in  the  forts,  both  on  the  right  and  left  of  the  explosion,  ran 
away,  and  for  over  an  hour,  as  well  as  I  could  judge,  not  a  shot  was  fired  by  their  artillery. 
There  was  no  fire  from  infantry  from  the  front  for  at  least  half  an  hour;  none  from  the  left  for 
twenty  minutes,  and  but  few  shots  from  the  right." 


10  OXE  HUXDRED  AXD  XIXETY-EIGHTH 

ter's*  and  Wilcox'sf  divisions  followed,  but  Ledlie's  men 
blocked  the  way,  and,  all  mixed  up  together,  remained  in  the 
crater.  General  Potter  finally  rallied  some  men  and  charged 
towards  Cemetery  Hill,  but  was  soon  obliged  to  fall  back. 
Two  hours  were  thus  shamefully  wasted,  while  the  insur- 
gents, recovering  their  self-possession,  were  planting  batteries 
on  either  side,  and  concentrating  their  infantry.  Burn- 
side  now  ordered  his  black  division  to  charge.  They  passed 
to  the  right  of  the  crater,  and  up  almost  to  the  crest  of  the 
hill,  but  were  met  by  so  heavy  a  fire  of  artillery  and  mus- 
ketry that  they  were  hurled  back,  many  of  them  entering 
the  crater.  The  enemy  now  poured  into  this  slaughter-hole 
a  hail  of  shells  and  balls.  Their  first  assault  upon  it  was 
repulsed,  and  many  of  our  unfortunates  escaped  to  our  lines, 
but  our  loss  was  4,400,  while  that  of  the  enemy  was  hardly 
one-fourth.  Thus  ended  this  miserable  aft'air,  with  a  posi- 
tive advantage  to  the  enemy,  that  promised  so  much  good 
results  to  us.| 

On  the  12th  of  August,  Hancock  was  again  sent  over  the 
James,  being  strengthened  by  the  Tenth  Corps,  General 
Biruey,  and  Gregg's  cavalry.  Considerable  fighting  ensued, 
including  the  repulse  of  an  insurgent  night  attack  on  the 
18th,  involving  in  the  whole  movement  a  loss  of  about  5,000 
men  on  either  side,  without  any  decided  success  on  our  part. 
At  the  same  time,  Warren,  with  the  Fifth  Corps,  was 
pushed  out  on  our  left,  and  seized  and  fortified  the  long- 
coveted  Weldon  railroad,  at  a  loss  of  1,000  men.  The  next 
day,  the  19th,  Crawford's  Division  was  struck  by  Hill,  and 
rolled  up  with  the  loss  of  2,500  prisoners.  On  the  21st, 

*  Brigadier-General  Robert  B.  Potter,  of  New  York. 

t  Brigadier-General  O.  B.  Wilcox,  of  Michigan. 

I  The  author  believes  that  all  the  regiments  in  the  service,  when  mustered  in,  were  very 
nearly  equal  in  valor  and  bravery,  and  that  their  subsequent  inequality  in  efficiency  was  entirely 
owing  to  their  officers.  When  a  separate  command,  be  it  regiment,  brigade  or  division,  shows  a 
decided  lack  of  courage  or  spirit  in  an  undertaking,  it  may  almost  invariably  be  attributed  to 
the  want  of  those  qualities  in  the  prominent  officer  or  officers,  or  in  a  neglect  of  discipline,  or 
the  absence  of  the  proper  esprit  de  corps,  for  which  the  officers  alone  are  accountable.  Regi- 
mental pride  is  one  of  the  greatest  virtues  a  soldier  can  possess,  and  its  absence  in  a  regiment 
renders  the  regiment  a  body  without  a  spirit. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  11 

Warren  was  assaulted  by  thirty  insurgent  guns  and  several 
heavy  columns,  but  he  out-flanked  their  flanking  column, 
inflicting  heavy  loss  upon  them.  Warren's  loss  in  the  whole 
movement  was  4,455  men,  but,  alas !  most  of  these  were 
prisoners.  The  enemy's  loss  was  about  half  the  number, 
and  the  Weldon  road. 

On  the  same  day,  Hancock  arrived  from  the  extreme  right 
and  struck  the  road  four  miles  in  rear  of  Warren,  at  Ream's 
Station,  where,  after  tearing  up  the  road  for  three  days,  he 
was  assaulted  and  forced  to  retreat  after  a  total  loss  of  2,400 
men  and  five  guns.  But  Warren's  hold  was  too  strong  to 
be  shaken.  Except  the  usual  sharp-shooting  along  the  line, 
nothing  more  of  moment  occurred  until  late  in  September, 
except  a  smart  insurgent  raid  on  our  cattle-yard  at  Coggin's 
Point,  on  the  James,  opposite  Harrison's  Landing,  in  which 
they  run  off"  2,500  beeves  with  no  loss. 

Our  line  of  strong  intrenchments,  with  heavy  forts  at 
short  intervals,  commenced  on  the  Appomattox,  less  than 
two  miles  below  Petersburg,  and  extended  nearly  south  for 
about  five  miles  and  a  half,  three  miles  of  which  was  close 
to  the  insurgent  works,  at  one  point  approaching  within  one 
hundred  and  thirty-three  yards  of  them.  The  line  then 
bent  to  the  west,  terminating,  at  this  time,  at  Fort  Wads- 
worth,*  on  the  Weldon  railroad,  a  distance  of  about  three 
miles ;  thence  it  extended  southward  to  the  west  and  along 
the  railroad  one  mile  to  Fort  Dushane;  thence  it  returned 
again  nearly  parallel  to  our  front  line  of  works,  inclosing 
and  securing  our  rear.  Two  connecting  lines  of  works 
crossed  the  space  between.  Between  these  lines  was  the 
United  States  military  road,  extending  from  City  Point  to 
the  Weldon  railroad,  a  distance  of  about  seventeen  miles, 
the  rails  to  construct  which  Grant  took  up  from  the  York 
river  and  Richmond  road  and  shipped  around  to  City  Point. 

The  left  of  the  line  of  the  Army  of  the  James  rested  on 

*  Named  after  General  James  S.  Wadsworth,  of  New  York,  Military  Governor  of  Washing- 
ton in  1862.  Killed  at  Wilderness  May  6th,  1804. 


12  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

the  Appomattox,  about  ten  miles  below  the  right  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  intervening  space  being  protected 
by  the  river,  rifle-pits  and  detached  forts.  Thence  the  lines 
extended  northward  about  three  and  a  half  miles  across  the 
neck  of  the  peninsula,  the  right  resting  on  the  James.  A 
lodgment  had  been  secured  at  Deep  Bottom,  on  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  river,  and  works  a  mile  and  a  half  long  thrown 
up.  Our  lines  subsequently  were  extended  many  miles  on 
both  flanks. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  13 


CHAPTER  III. 

/ 

THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  TO  THE  LEFT  —  THE  YELLOW 
TAVERN  —  ASSIGNED  TO  THE  FIRST  BRIGADE  —  FIRST  DIVISION  —  FIFTH 
ARMY  CORPS  —  COLONEL  SICKEL  PLACED  IN  COMMAND  OF  THE  BRIG- 
ADE—  COMPOSITION  OF  THE  DIVISION  —  OF  THE  CORPS  —  LIEUTENANT- 
COLONEL  MURRAY  COMMANDS  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

—  CAMP  SICKEL — BATTLE  OF  PEBBLE'S  FARM — POPLAR  SPRING  CHURCH 

—  BREASTWORKS  AND  SKIRMISHING  —  TALMADGE'S  FARM  —  RESULT  op 
WARREN'S  MOVEMENT  —  BUTLER  TO  THE  RIGHT  —  CARRIES  FORT  HAR- 
RISON —  KAUTZ  SURPRISED. 

WE  LEFT  the  regiment  at  City  Point.  About  noon  that 
day,  September  the  24th,  they  embarked  upon  the  cars 
of  the  Military  road,  and  passed  along  the  rear  of  our  line 
of  earth-works  to  the  Yellow  Tavern,  near  the  extreme  left, 
and  near  a  point  on  the  Weldon  railroad,  seized  and  forti- 
fied by  Warren  in  August.  At  Warren's  headquarters  they 
were  received  by  the  General  and  other  distinguished  officers, 
and  were  accompanied  by  General  Griffin*  and  staff  to  the 
headquarters  of  the  First  Brigade,  to  which  the  regiment 
was  assigned,  and  the  command  of  the  brigade  turned  over 
to  Colonel  Sickel,  General  Chamberlain  being  absent, 
wounded.  The  Second  Brigade  was  commanded  by  Gen- 
eral Gregory ,f  and  the  Third  by  General  Bartlett.J  These 
brigades  composed  the  First  Division,  General  Griffin.  The 
Second  Division  was  commanded  by  General  Ayres,||  and 
the  Third  by  General  Samuel  W.  Crawford.§  The  Fifth 
Corps  was  under  General  Warren.^f 

*  Brevet  Major-General  Charles  Griffin,  of  Ohio. 

f  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Edgar  M.  Gregory,  of  Philadelphia.  Colonel  Ninety-First  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers. 

J  Brigadier-General  J.  J.  Bartlett,  of  New  York. 

I  Brevet  Major-General  Romeyn  B.  Ayres,  of  New  York. 

g  Brevet  Major-General  Samuel  W.  Crawford,  of  Pennsylvania.  Wounded  at  Antietam 
Commanded  the  Pennsylvania  Reserves  in  1863-4. 

^y  Major-General  Governeur  K.  Warren,  of  New  York. 


14  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

Colonel  Sickel  having  been  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  brigade,  the  command  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety- 
eighth  devolved  upon  Lieutenant-Colonel  Murray.  "  Camp 
Sickel "  was  established,  abundant  rations  issued  to  the 
men,  drilling  and  guard  duty  at  once  commenced,  and  soon 
the  green  ones  were  initiated  into  the  ways  and  mysteries  of 
camp  life.  To  the  many  who  had  served  in  the  Reserves 
and  other  organizations,  the  scenes  around  them  were  not 
new,  but  to  those  who  had  come  out  for  the  first  time,  all 
was  novelty  and  excitement.  The  picket,  the  alarms,  the 
booming  of  distant  guns,  produced  varied  impressions  upon 
the  different  individuals,  but  all  tended  to  prepare  them  for 
the  earnest  work  so  close  at  hand. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  PEBBLE'S  FARM,  SEPTEMBER  30iH  AND  OCTO- 
BER IST  AND  2o,  1864. 

On  the  30th  of  September,  eleven  days  after  the  regi- 
ment left  Philadelphia,  it  was  ordered  under  arms,  and, 
moving  off  to  the  westward,  incessant  volleys  of  musketry 
and  artillery  were  soon  heard  rolling  out  of  the  woods  in 
front.  Advancing  steadily,  they  were  laid  down  in  a  woods 
in  front  of  the  enemy's  line  of  works,  near  Poplar  Spring 
Church,  where  they  remained  for  nearly  two  hours,  subject 
to  a  severe  cannonading.  Their  position  was  the  most  try- 
ing new  troops  could  be  placed  in,  for  while  the  shells,  as  a 
general  thing,  inflict  but  little  loss,  their  screeching  and 
bursting  are  annoying  to  unaccustomed  ears.  Having 
driven  the  enemy's  batteries  from  their  position,  the  line 
advanced,  pushing  the  infantry  before  them,  through  the 
woods,  across  Squirrel  Level  road  to  Peeble's  farm,  where 
they  made  a  desperate  stand,  but,  by  hard  fighting,  they 
were  driven  from  their  works  with  considerable  loss,  two 
Majors  being  among  the  prisoners.*  During  the  night  it 

*  In  reference  to  this  action  General  Sickel  says  in  his  official  report :  "  While  our  brigade 
was  forming  for  the  charge,  the  regimental  commander  misunderstood  the  order,  and  filed  his 
regiment  into  a  piece  of  woods  in  the  rear,  leaving  our  left  exposed.  When  the  right  of  the  line 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  15 

commenced  raining,  and  continued  through  the  next  day, 
the  men  being  engaged  in  throwing  up  breastworks  and 
skirmishing  most  of  the  time.  Early  the  next  morning, 
Sunday,  the  2d,  they  fell  in  and  moved  forward  some  dis- 
tance and  lay  down  near  the  enemy's  works,  where  they 
remained  under  fire  five  hours,  when  they  were  moved  to 
the  rear  a  short  distance,  and  again  commenced  throwing 
up  breastworks.  The  next  day  was  passed  in  perfect  quiet- 
ness, with  a  lively  picket  firing  through  the  night,  and  on 
the  afternoon  of  the  4th,  the  brigade  was  relieved  by  the 
Second,  Colonel  Gregory,  when  they  moved  about  a  half 
mile  to  the  rear  and  went  into  camp  on  Talmadge's  farm, 
near  Fort  Urmston. 

In  this  movement  Warren  advanced  with  two  divisions  of 
his  own  corps,  and  two  of  the  Ninth,  under  General  Parke,* 
with  Gregg'sf  cavalry.  He  carried  three  small  works  and 
advanced  our  lines  nearly  two  miles  to  the  westward, 
strongly  fortifying  them  and  joining  them  to  his  former 
position  across  the  railroad.  Our  loss  in  killed,  wounded 
and  missing  was  118  officers  and  2,567  men ;  1,756  of  which 
were  prisoners.^  That  of  the  enemy,  probably,  was  not  quite 
so  heavy,  but  included  General  Donnovan.  Grant  ordered 
this  movement,  to  cover  up  a  more  determined  one  by 
Butler  on  our  right. 

General  Butler  crossed  the  James  on  the  29th,  and  ad- 
vancing with  the  Tenth  Corps,  under  General  Birney,§  and 
the  Eighteenth,  General  Ord,  assaulted  and  carried  Fort 
Harrison,  taking  fifteen  guns  and  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  enemy's  intrenchments.  He  next  assaulted  Fort  Gil- 
reached  the  enemy's  works,  I  found  our  flanks  exposed  and  threatened,  and  a  disaster  might 
have  been  the  result  but  for  the  discerning  sagacity  of  Captain  John  E.  Parsons,  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral of  the  brigade,  who  galloped  through  a  storm  of  bullets,  re-formed  the  regiment,  and,  direct- 
ing the  charge  in  person,  routed  the  enemy,  and  the  result  was  a  complete  victory. 

*  Major-General  John  G.  Parke,  Pennsylvania. 

t  Brigadier-General  David  M'M.  Gregg,  Colonel  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 

|  For  loss  in  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-Eighth,  see  Appendix  A. 

%  Major-General  David  B.  Birney,  of  Philadelphia,  was  born  in  Alabama,  Colonel  Twenty- 
third  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  October  18th,  1864. 


16  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

mer,  but  was  repulsed  by  Major-General  Field,  with  a  loss 
of  three  hundred  men ;  General  Ord*  being  wounded  and 
Brigadier-General  Burhara  killed.  The  insurgent  General 
Fields,  the  next  day,  attempted  the  recapture  of  Fort  Har- 
rison, assaulting  it  with  four  brigades  on  opposite  sides,  but 
was  repulsed  with  heavy  slaughter.  Kautz's  cavalry,  that 
held  our  extreme  right,  on  the  Charles  City  road,  was  sur- 
prised a  few  days  afterwards  within  four  miles  of  Richmond. 
Desperate  fighting  ensued,  we  losing  nine  guns  and  nearly 
five  hundred  men,  mostly  prisoners.  Both  parties  claimed 
the  advantage.  The  insurgent  Brigadier-General  Gregg,  of 
Texas,  was  killed. 


*  Major-General  Edward  O.  C.  Ord,  a  native  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  was  born  1818,  and  grad- 
uated at  West  Point,  18.'i'J.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Seminole  and  Mexican  wars.  Appointed 
Brigadier-General,  United  States  Volunteers,  he  served  under  General  M'Call,  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Reserves,  and,  with  his  brigade,  fought  the  battle  of  Drainesville,  the  first  victory  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  Promoted  Major-General  in  May,  1862,  he  was  assigned  to  an  import- 
ant command  in  Tennessee  At  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  he  commanded  the  Thirteenth  Corps ; 
and,  under  Grant,  before  Richmond,  the  Eighteenth  Corps.  He  participated  in  the  siege  of 
Petersburg  and  capture  of  Lee.  He  was  wounded  three  times.  In  1881  he  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list.  His  daughter,  now  deceased,  married  General  Trevino,  ex-Mexican  Minister  of 
War.  While  on  his  way  home  from  Vera  Cruz,  he  was  taken  with  yellow  fever,  and,  upon 
arriving  at  Havana,  was  removed  to  shore,  where  he  died,  July  22d,  1;>83.  His  remains  were 
brought  home. 


PENNSYLVANIA   VOLUNTEERS.  17 


CHAPTER  IV. 

CAMP  URMSTON  —  STATE  ELECTION  —  EXECUTION  OF  A  DESERTER  —  INSPEC- 
TION —  MOVE  CAMP  —  BATTLE  OF  BOYDTON  PLANK-ROAD  —  GENERAL 
ADVANCE  OF  THE  WHOLE  LINE  —  PARKE'S  ASSAULT  —  HANCOCK  MOVES 
—  CRAWFORD,  MOTT,  EAGAN  AND  GREGG  FIGHT  —  SQUIRREL  LEVEL  — 
THE  CHAPEL  —  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  —  THANKSGIVING  DAY  —  CON- 
TINUALLY UNDER  FIRE. 


URMSTON,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth, 
was  arranged  with  great  regularity  and  neatness,  the 
stumps  and  underbrush  being  cleared  away  and  the  ground 
thoroughly  policed.  Company  and  battalion  drills  were  held 
daily,  and  that  strict  discipline  established  so  necessary  for 
the  efficiency  of  soldiers.  While  here,  the  Twenty-first 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  (the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-second 
of  the  Line,)  Major  Knowles,  that  had  been  serving  as 
infantry  in  the  brigade,  was  detached  and  sent  to  City  Point, 
where  it  was  equipped  and  mounted.  About  the  same  time 
the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-fifth  New  York  Volunteers 
arrived,  and  were  attached  to  the  brigade.  They  were  a 
splendid  set  of  men  and  well  drilled.  The  8th  of  October 
being  election  day  in  the  State,  the  men  exercised  their 
right  of  casting  their  vote. 

A  private  of  the  Second  Maryland,  named  Charles  Miller, 
having  deserted  to  the  enemy,  and  being  subsequently  cap- 
tured by  our  pickets,  was  shot  on  the  morning  of  the  14th, 
at  half  past  nine  o'clock.  The  division  to  which  he  belonged 
was  drawn  up  to  witness  the  execution.  A  death  procession, 
composed  of  soldiers  bearing  the  coffin,  the  condemned,  a 
priest,  the  guard,  the  firing  party  and  the  band,  to  a  most 
beautiful  and  solemn  dirge,  passed  down  the  line  and  halted 
in  front  of  the  grave.  The  prisoner,  whose  arms  were  pin- 
ioned, walked  with  a  firm  step.  His  face  was  deadly  pale, 
but  he  showed  no  signs  of  fear.  He  could  not  look  at  his 
3 


18  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

late  comrades,  nor  at  the  flag  he  had  fought  for  and  against. 
For  a  moment  he  turned  his  eyes  towards  the  blue  heavens 
above  him,  then  closing  them,  seated  himself  uppn  his 
coffin,  and  was  blindfolded.  A  few  words  were  whispered 
to  him  by  the  priest,  and  the  order,  "  Ready  " — "  Aim  " — 
"  Fire  !  "  given,  and  the  deserter  fell  back  dead.  His  grave 
was  filled,  the  band  struck  up  a  lively  tune  and  the  troops 
marched  back  to  their  camps.  A  military  execution  is  the 
most  solemn  and  impressive  sight  one  can  witness,  and, 
although  every  heart  must  feel  sad  for  the  fate  of  the  poor 
condemned,  they  all  recognize  the  justness  of  the  sentence, 
and  no  one  with  a  properly  organized  mind  could  wish  him 
pardoned.  Strange  as  it  may  appear,  that  very  night  a  maji 
who  had  witnessed  the  execution  was  shot  and  captured 
by  our  pickets  while  attempting  to  desert  to  the  enemy. 
Desertion  was  an  unhealthy  business. 

While  here  the  regiment  was  under  arms  a  number  of 
times,  occasioned  by  skirmishes  on  the  picket  line,  but  in 
no  instance  were  they  moved  from  camp.  On  the  15th 
Captain  Francis  B.  Jones,  the  Brigade  Inspector,  inspected 
the  regiment.  The  day  was  unusually  pleasant,  and  every 
man  was  present  or  accounted  for.  The  true  test  of  a  sol- 
dier's pride  is  found  in  the  care  of  his  arms,  and  it  was  with 
satisfaction  the  officers  heard  the  inspector  pronounce  them 
in  perfect  condition.  About  noon  the  next  day,  the  regi- 
ment moved  about  a  half-mile  to  the  south,  and  encamped 
to  the  right  of  the  Barlett's  Third  Brigade,  in  rear  of  Fort 
Cummings,  near  the  Squirrel  Level  road,  where  they 
remained,  performing  the  usual  picket  duty,  and  getting 
under  arms  during  alarms,  until  the  27th. 

BATTLE  OF  BOYDTON  PLANK-ROAD,*  OCTOBER  27th  and 
28th,  1864. 

Grant  having  sounded  a  general  advance,  General  Butler, 
by  order,  made  a  demonstration  in  force  on  our  extreme 

*  Sometimes  called  Hatcher's  Run. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  19 

right,  moving  on  to  the  defences  of  Richmond,  by  the 
Charles  City  and  Williamsport  road.  Meade,  stripping  the 
works  before  Petersburg  of  all  but  the  men  necessary  to 
hold  them,  with  three  days'  rations  and  sixty  rounds  of  cart- 
ridges, moved  suddenly  by  the  left  to  turn  the  right  flank  of 
the  enemy.  Long  before  dawn  on  the  27th  of  October,  the 
boys  were  busy  preparing  their  coffee,  and,  having  finished 
their  frugal  breakfast,  were  in  line  awaiting  orders.  Soon 
they  took  up  their  march,  and,  moving  in  a  zig-zag  direction 
to  the  southwest  for  five  hours,  toiled  through  dense  timber, 
when  they  arrived  in  front  of  the  enemy's  formidable  works 
on  the  north  bank  of  Hatcher's  run.  Moving  up  a  slight 
eminence  covered  with  heavy  timber,  the  Fifth  Corps  being 
mostly  held  in  reserve,  they  laid  down  with  a  storm  of  shell 
screeching  and  bursting  over  them. 

The  Ninth  Corps,  under  General  Parke,  which  held  the 
right,  struck  the  right  of  the  insurgent  intrenchments,  which 
rested  on  the  north  or  east  bank  of  Hatcher's  run.  These 
they  assaulted  with  great  determination,  but  failed  to  carry, 
for  the  simple  reason  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  drive 
veteran  soldiers  out  of  intrenchments  without  they  are 
flanked.  The  Second  Corps,  General  Hancock,  had  advanced 
simultaneous  to  the  left;  and  encountered  a  small  force,  to 
dispute  its  passage  of  the  run,  where  it  struck  it.  Moving 
northwestward  by  Dabney's  Mill  to  the  Boydton  plank-road, 
and  pushing  along  it  to  the  north  towards  the  toll-gate, 
meeting  with  little  opposition,  at  one  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon it  was  halted  by  order  of  General  Meade. 

Warren,  upon  the  failure  of  Parke*  to  carry  the  insurg- 
ent intrenchments,  sent  General  Crawford's  division,  backed 
by  Ayres'  brigade,  across  Hatcher's  run,  to  turn  the  enemy's 
works  on  the  south  or  west  bank  of  that  stream,  and  to  con- 
nect with  Hancock,  then  some  two  miles  distant.  Crawford 
met  with  great  difficulty,  advancing  through  woods  and 
swamps  all  but  impassable,  many  of  his  men  losing  their 

*  Major-General  John  G.  Parke,  Pennsylvania. 


20  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

regiments,  and  the  regiments  becoming  detached  from  the 
division.  In  this  scattered  state  he  arrived  directly  on  the 
flank  of  the  enemy's  intrenchments,  when  he  received  orders 
from  General  Warren  to  halt.  The  country  proving  entirely 
different  from  what  was  expected,  a  consultation  with  Gen- 
eral Meade  was  desired.  Hancock,  who  was  now  separated 
from  Crawford  by  a  mile  of  dense  woods  and  swamps, 
extended  his  right,  under  General  Eagan,  to  connect. 
Through  the  mistake  of  a  subordinate,  he  supposed  the 
connection  had  been  made,  but  there  was  a  space  of  twelve 
hundred  yards  intervening.  Lee  seized  this  opportunity  to 
push  forward  Hill,  strike  Hancock's  right,  and  roll  it  up. 
Heath's*  division  leading,  moved  along  a  cart-road  through 
the  woods,  passed  Crawford's  front,  and  across  the  interval 
between  Crawford  and  Hancock.  Arriving  unseen  opposite 
Hancock's  right  at  four  P.M.,  he  deployed  his  lines,  and 
charging,  poured  into  Mott'sf  division  a  volley  of  musketry, 
that  gave  the  first  intimation  of  the  proximity  of  the  enemy. 
Pierce's  brigade  instantly  gave  way,  and  a  battery  was  lost. 
Eagan|  instantly  changed  front  and  hurried  to  the  rescue, 
striking  the  rebels  in  flank  with  two  brigades,  one  of  which 
was  of  Mott's,  under  McAllister,  as  they  rushed  across 
the  cleared  space  along  the  Boydton  road  in  pursuit  of  the 
fugitives,  killing  many,  capturing  a  thousand  prisoners  and 
re- taking  the  lost  guns.  The  enemy,  completely  routed,  fled 
in  confusion,  over  two  hundred  of  them  falling  into  Craw- 
ford's lines. 

At  the  same  time  this  attack  was  made  on  Hancock's  right, 
General  Wade  Hampton,  ||  with  five  brigades  of  cavalry, 

*  Wounded  at  Gettysburg,  July  2d,  1863. 

•(•Major-General  Gershom  Mott,  of  New  Jersey.  A  Lieutenant  Tenth  U.  S.  Infantry  dur- 
ing the  war  with  Mexico  ;  Colonel  Sixth  New  Jersey  Volunteers  ;  Brigadier-General  September 
7th,  1862;  Brevet  Major-General  August  1st,  1804;  Major-General  May  26th,  1865.  Wounded 
at  Chancellorsville,  at  Bull  Run  (2d),  at  Spottsylvania,  and  at  Amelia  Springs.  Commander-in- 
Chief  National  Guards  New  Jersey. 

J  General  Thomas  W.  Eagan.  Colonel  Fortieth  New  York  Volunteers.  Displayed  great 
gallantry  in  a  charge  at  Chantilly,  September  13th,  1862. 

J  General  Wade  Hampton,  of  South  Carolina.  Wounded  at  Gettysburg,  July  3d,  1863. 
Subsequently  Governor  of  South  Carolina  and  a  United  States  Senator. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  21 

attacked  Gregg's  cavalry,  covering  his  left  and  rear.  The 
assault  continued  until  night,  when  Hampton  withdrew  dis- 
comfited, he  having  gained  no  ground.  Meade  sent  orders 
to  Hancock  to  use  his  discretion  about- withdrawing,  or  hold- 
ing his  position  and  attacking  the  next  morning.  Hancock, 
being  short  of  ammunition  and  uncertain  of  being  re-enforced 
in  time,  decided  to  draw  off,  and,  at  ten  o'clock  at  night, 
commenced  the  movement. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  changed  positions 
several  times  during  the  day,  being  laid  down  in  support  of 
other  troops  or  to  threaten  the  enemy's  works.  They  were 
constantly  exposed  to  a  harmless  artillery  fire  until  near  sun- 
set, when  a  strong  picket  line  was  thrown  out,  which  was 
engaged  nearly  the  entire  night.  A  cold  drenching  rain  fell 
through  the  night,  but  it  did  not  interfere  with  the  constant 
exchange  of  shots  The  next  day  was  clear  but  oppressively 
warm.  A  feeble  picket  fire  was  continued  through  the 
morning.  The  news  of  Heath's  and  Hampton's  repulse 
was  misunderstood  by  the  men,  who,  being  ignorant  of 
Hancock's  withdrawal,  were  much  elated;  but  about  noon, 
when  the  orders  were  given  to  "  sling  knapsacks  and  fall  in," 
they  instantly  comprehended  the  situation.  Moving  off  at 
a  double-quick  some  two  miles  to  the  rear,  they  halted  in 
line  of  battle  to  the  right  of  some  batteries.  After  remain- 
ing here  some  time,  they  moved  off,  and,  about  sunset, 
reached  their  old  encampment  at  Squirrel  Level  road.  Our 
loss  in  this  movement  was  90  officers  and  1,812  men,  killed, 
wounded  and  missing,*  principally  in  Hancock's  corps,  they 
losing  an  aggregate  of  1,500  men.f  That  of  the  enemy 
was  considerably  greater,  otherwise  the  movement  resulted 
in  no  advantage  whatever  to  us. 

At  Squirrel  Level  the  men  set  diligently  to  work  erecting 
substantial  quarters,  in  the  faint  hope  of  wintering  there. 

*  Grant  and  his  Campaigns. 

fFor  the  loss  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  see  Appendix  A. 


22  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

As  soon  as  they  were  finished,  a  neat  chapel  was  built  for 
their  most  excellent  chaplain,  the  Reverend  John  J.  Pomeroy. 
In  this  regiment,  as  in  the  Third  Reserve,  there  was  consider- 
able religious  element,  induced,  in  a  great  measure,  by  the 
influence  of  the  worthy  chaplain,  who  was  the  earnest  friend 
of  every  man  in  it.  Such  of  the  officers  as  were  not  relig- 
ious, had  a  proper  respect  for  religion,  and  did  much  to  for- 
ward it.  When  the  chapel  was  finished  it  was  the  nightly 
resort  of  those  who  wished  to  attend  prayer-meeting,  or 
listen  to  appropriate  and  touching  discourses.*  In  a  few 
days  the  camp  was  one  of  the  most  comfortable  and  neat  in 
the  army.  Picketing,  camp  duty,  battalion  drill  and  dress 
parade  occupied  the  time  of  the  men,  affording  healthy 
exercise  and  preserving  a  proper  tone  of  spirit. 

The  Presidential  canvasf  was  now  progressing  in  the 
loyal  North,  and  extended  to  the  army.  Influential  citizens 
of  both  parties  visited  the  various  camps  to  talk  with  the 
soldiers.  Political  badges  of  the  candidates  were  for  sale  at 
all  the  sutlers'  tents,  and  almost  every  soldier  wore  his 
favorite  on  his  breast. 

The  election  passed  off  quietly  on  the  8th  of  November,! 
with  hardly  an  unkind  word  spoken  ;  and  the  men  were  as 
untrammeled  in  the  casting  of  their  ballots  as  ever  they  were 
in  their  lives. 

On  the  15th,  the  usual  monthly  brigade  inspection  took 
place.  The  27th,  the  day  of  National  Thanksgiving,  was 

*The  regiment  built  three  chapels  for  their  chaplain,  in  which  he  held  110  religious  services. 
He  distributed  among  the  men  6.122  religious  newspapers,  63,050  pages  of  tracts,  263  New  Test- 
aments and  19G  hymn-books.  He  procured  for  them  a  circulating  library  of  over  200  volumes. 
In  addition  to  this  he  expressed  over  $00.000  for  the  soldiers,  all  of  which  reached  its  destination 
safely.  Before  the  regiment  was  discharged  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  presented 
him  with  an  elegant  gold  watch  and  chain  with  a  maltese  cross  attached,  the  corps  mark  of  the 
Fifth,  at  a  cost  of  $350,  as  a  testimonial  of  their  high  appreciation  of  his  services. 

t  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Andrew  Johnson  vs.  George  B.  M'Clellan  and  George  H.  Pendleton. 

\  Fourteen  of  the  States  had  authorized  their  soldiers  in  the  field  to  vote.  The  votes  of  the 
Minnesota  soldiers  did  not  reach  her  State  canvassers  in  season  to  be  counted.  So  with  most  of 
Vermont's  soldiers'  votes.  Those  of  New  York  were  not  counted  separately.  The  vote  of  the 
soldiers  of  the  twelve  States  that  were  counted  separately  were,  Lincoln,  119,754;  M'Clellan, 
34,291. 


PENNSYLVANIA   VOLUNTEERS.  23 

spent  iu  the  enjoyment  of  a  profusion  of  dainties,  sent  by 
kind  friends  of  members  of  the  command  at  home.  Dur- 
ing all  this  time  the  interminable  fusillade  in  the  trenches 
and  along  the  picket  lines  was  kept  up,  the  balls  frequently 
dropping  in  the  encampment  or  whizzing  over  head.  But 
the  boys  had  become  so  used  to  them  that  they  ceased  to 
cause  more  than  a  casual  remark. 


24  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 


CHAPTER  V. 

RAID  ox  THE  WELDON  RAILROAD  —  THE  MARCH  —  JERUSALEM  PLANK- 
ROAD —  SUSSEX  COURT  HOUSE  —  TEARING  UP  THE  ROAD  —  ANIMATED 
SCENE  —  BELLPIELD  —  HICKSFORD  —  RETURN  —  WINTER  QUARTERS  — 
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  MURRAY  —  SHERMAN'S  MARCH  —  ENLISTMENT  OF 
SLAVES. 

RAID   ON  THE  WELDON  RAILROAD,  DECEMBER  GTH  TO  12TH, 

1864. 

THE  enemy  still  held  a  portion  of  the  Weldon  railroad, 
upon  which  they  transported  supplies  from  North  Caro- 
lina and  farther  south  nearly  up  to  our  lines,  whence  they 
wagoned  them  around  our  left  to  their  camps.  General 
Meade  determined  to  destroy  the  road  farther  to  the  south- 
ward, to  prevent  its  use  for  that  purpose.  He,  therefore, 
sent  Warren  with  the  Fifth  Corps.  Mott's  division  of  the 
Second  Corps,  and  Griggs'  mounted  division  to  accomplish 
it.  Preparatory  marching  orders  were  received  by  the  One 
Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  on  the  afternoon  of  the  5th ; 
and  by  early  dawn  the  next  morning  the  boys  were  in  line 
with  four  days'  rations  in  haversacks  and  twenty  rounds  of 
extra  cartridges  in  the  pockets.  It  was  nine  o'clock,  how- 
ever, before  they  left  their  picturesque  camp  in  the  woods, 
upon  which  they  had  bestowed  so  much  labor ;  and,  mov- 
ing ofl'  along  the  Military  railroad  towards  City  Point, 
halted  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  in  a  heavy  woods, 
where  they  bivouacked  for  the  night.  Moving  early  the  next 
morning,  they  continued  on  their  course  until  they  struck 
the  Jerusalem  plank-road,  when,  wheeling  to  the  right,  they 
proceeded  in  a  southerly  direction  down  that  noted  high- 
way. Crossing  a  number  of  minor  streams  and  passing 
through  the  village  of  Templeton,  after  marching  seventeen 
miles  through  a  heavy  rain,  they  bivouacked  in  an  open  field 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  25 

near  the  Nottaway  river.  At  three  o'clock  the  next  morn- 
ing, the  8th,  they  moved  oft',  crossing  the  deep  and  rapid 
stream  on  pontoons. 

The  night  had  been  a  cold,  rainy  and  comfortless  one, 
and  the  morning  was  damp  and  chilly.  The  rain  had  ren- 
dered the  marshy  roads  very  heavy,  along  which  they  hur- 
riedly marched.  But  soon  the  bright  sun  appeared,  the 
warm  rays  of  which  seemed  to  inspire  new  life  and  spirit  to 
the  men.  Passing  through  Sussex  Court  House,  they  halted 
for  a  short  time  to  partake  of  the  soldiers'  breakfast,  coffee 
and  hard-tack.  Then,  moving  on,  all  day  long  they  toiled 
over  heavy  roads  until  near  sunset,  when  they  rested  for  a 
while  in  an  orchard  to  eat  supper.  After  a  short  delay  they 
moved  over  the  fields  about  two  miles  at  double-quick,  and 
struck  the  Weldon  railroad.  The  sun  had  just  set,  its  last 
raj's  gilding  the  mountain  tops  in  the  distant  west.  As  far 
as  the  eye  could  reach  were  seen  innumerable  glowing  fires, 
and  thousands  of  busy  blue-coats  tearing  up  the  rails  and 
piling  the  ties.  It  was  at  once  a  \\  ild,  animated  scene,  and 
the  fatigue  of  the  long  day's  march  was  soon  forgotten. 
Four  companies  under  Major  Glenn  were  immediately  posted 
as  pickets  in  a  woods  two  hundred  yards  to  the  west  of  the 
road,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Murray,  with  the  remaining 
ten  companies,  proceeded  diligently  toward  assisting  in  the 
destruction.  With  pick-axes  and  flaming  torch  they  soon 
illumined  the  neighboring  woods  and  hills,  and  their  merry 
laughter  and  wild  shouts  echoed  through  the  forest  glens.  The 
rails  were  heated  and  twisted  in  many  fantastic  shapes,  some 
being  bent  into  the  form  of  a  Maltese  cross,  the  badge  of 
the  glorious  old  Fifth,  as  a  certificate  of  the  fact  that  it  was 
done  by  that  corps.  With  a  hearty  good-will  and  no  signs 
of  fatigue,  the  boys  continued  their  exciting  work  until  one 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  they  were  relieved,  and  biv- 
ouacked in  a  neighboring  sage  field,  where,  in  despite  of  the 
excessive  cold,  they  threw  themselves  upon  the  ground  and 
slept  soundly  until  revielle.  Partaking  of  a  hurried  break- 


26  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

fast,  they  eagerly  fell  in  and  marched  down  the  line  of  the 
railroad,  to  recommence  their  work.  And  thus  they 
advanced,  burning  bridges  and  blowing  up  culverts,  leaving 
in  their  train  a  scene  of  destruction  and  ruin.  About  noon 
they  reached  Bellfield,  a  lively  little  town,  which  they  made 
still  livelier  for  the  time  being,  wrapping  in  flames  the  sta- 
tion and  railroad  buildings,  and  smashing  up  everything 
that  would  be  of  any  use  to  the  enemy. 

During  this  raid  the  fences  suffered  considerably,  and 
lucky  was  the  chicken  or  other  barn-yard  game  that  escaped 
the  ever-vigilant  eye  of  the  boys.  Feathers,  sheep  and  calf- 
skins, hides  and  horns,  marked  the  bivouacs  of  the  army. 
Nor  were  the  boys  without  delicacies.  Occasionally  one 
would  be  seen  distributing  on  the  point  of  his  bayonet  the 
contents  of  a  preserve  jar,  or  dispensing  with  liberal  hand 
nuts  and  dried  fruit.  Although  the  weather  was  intensely 
cold  and  the  men  suffered  much,  they  enjoyed  their  raid 
equally  as  much  as  the  insurgents  did  theirs  into  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  without  finding  the  country  quite  so  unhealthy. 

After  dinner  they  again  went  at  the  railroad,  continuing 
their  destruction  of  it  until  they  reached  the  Meherrin  river, 
on  the  opposite  banks  of  which  stood  Hicksford,  the  county 
town  of  Greensville,  about  eight  miles  from  the  North  Caro- 
lina line.  Here  two  railroads  connect,  one  leading  directly 
south  to  "Weldon  and  Wilmington,  and  the  other  southwest 
into  Georgia.  The  few  insurgents  encountered  were  driven 
across  the  river,  and  the  fine  railroad  bridge  totally  destroyed. 
The  town  being  fortified  and  strongly  held  by  the  enemy, 
and  our  troops  having  started  with  but  four  days'  rations, 
they  were  constrained  to  return.  Leaving  the  artillery  to 
pound  away  at  the  town,  and  the  cavalry  and  a  small  portion 
of  the  infantry  to  make  demonstrations  of  crossing,  about 
sunset  the  main  body  commenced  retracing  their  steps,  the 
One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  bivouacking  near  Bellfield. 
The  expedition  fully  accomplished  its  mission,  having 
destroyed  the  railroad,  with  its  bridges,  culverts  and  water 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  27 

stations  for  thirty  miles.  During  the  night  it  rained  and 
hailed  incessantly,  rendering  it  very  uncomfortable  for  the 
wearied  men. 

The  next  morning,  the  10th,  was  clear  and  bright,  but 
the  roads  were  very  heavy ;  and,  after  steady  marching  all 
day  long,  they  bivouacked  at  nine  o'clock  that  night  near 
Sussex  Court  House.  Through  the  day  they  occasionally 
heard  the  guns  of  the  rear  guard  engaged  with  the  enemy 
far  to  the  south.  The  next  morning,  passing  near  Sussex, 
the  stripped  bodies  of  several  of  our  soldiers  were  found 
with  their  throats  cut.  These  poor  fellows,  through  inabil- 
ity to  keep  up,  had  fallen  out  during  the  rapid  advance,  and 
were  captured  by  the  citizens,  who  had  left  their  homes  to 
hang  on  our  rear.  It  is  but  just  to  add  that  such  cruelties 
were  never  perpetrated  upon  our  men  by  the  old  soldiers  of 
Lee's  army,  who  knew  how  to  treat  a  foe,  but  were  almost 
invariably  confined  to  troops  who  had  never  been  upon  the 
battle-field,  or  the  guerrilla  citizens.  True,  there  was  a 
shameful  neglect  of  our  wounded  that  fell  into  their  hands, 
and  many  instances  of  their  stripping  them,  as  at  Fredericks- 
burg  and  Chancellorsville,  but  they  invariably  said,  in  excuse, 
it  was  done  by  order  of  their  officers. 

About  noon  they  reached  the  pontoons  on  the  Nottaway, 
where  they  found  the  Ninth  Corps  awaiting  their  arrival, 
and  ready,  if  necessary,  to  cover  their  retreat.  But  the 
enemy  had  not  followed  them  with  any  considerable  force, 
though  they  were  mustering  in  hot  haste  in  their  rear. 
Moving  about  two  miles  beyond  the  river,  they  bivouacked 
for  the  balance  of  the  day  and  night  on  the  plantation  of  Mr. 
Chappin,  where  they  received  a  fresh  supply  of  rations,  brought 
down  by  the  Ninth  Corps.  The  next  day,  the  twelfth,  after  a 
tedious  march,  they  reached  the  Federal  lines,  and  went  into 
camp  near  their  first  encampment,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Fort  Wadsworth.  Here  the  boys  set  themselves  diligently 
to  work  again,  preparing  winter  quarters  for  themselves  and 
officers,  and  built  a  neat  chapel  of  forty  by  sixty  feet  dimen- 


28  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

sions  for  religious  and  other  meetings.  On  the  27th  of 
December,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Murray,  an  excellent  officer, 
was  relieved  on  account  of  physical  disability.* 

At  this  time  Sherman  had  completed  his  great  march 
from  Atlanta  to  the  Sea,f  and  was  intent  upon  moving  north 
through  the  Carolinas  to  Virginia.  Grant's  campaign  of  1864 
practically  ended  in  October,  with  the  Boydton  plank-road 
affair.  Instead  of  pushing  things  in  his  front  during  the  win- 
ter, he  evidently  considered  his  ends  best  subserved  by  quiet- 
ness. He  dreaded  Lee's  abandonment  of  Virginia,  at  least  for 
a  time,  to  precipitate  his  army,  swelled  by  re-enforcements 
from  Hardee,  Beauregard,  Wheeler  and  others,  upon  Sher- 
man, as  he  struggled  through  eastern  Georgia  or  the  swamps 
of  South  Carolina.  But  the  mere  suggestion  of  the  aban- 
donment of  the  insurgent  capital  was  met  by  such  a  deafen- 
ing clamor  by  the  Richmond  journals  that  the  authorities 
could  not  defy  it.  Its  abandonment,  and  even  the  worsting 
of  Sherman  would  not  have  altered  the  issue  of  the  war,  but 
might  have  prolonged  it  by  a  series  of  minor  engagements 
in  the  more  southern  States,  to  the  untold  miser}'  of  its 
inhabitants.  And 'now,  in  the  eleventh  hour  of  the  Con- 
federacy, they  commenced  freeing  and  arming  such  slaves  as 
were  fit  for  military  service.  What  they  had  denounced  in 
us,  as  utterly  unjustified  by  any  conceivable  exigency  of  war, 
as  at  once  a  crime,  a  futility  and  a  confession  of  defeat,  and 
ridiculed  in  unmeasured  terms,  they  at  last  hailed  with  hope, 
to  save  the  government  whose  corner-stone  was  slavery. 

*  Died  in  South  America  in  1866. 

f  Left  Atlanta  November  llth,  and  occupied  Savannah  December  21st,  1864. 


PENNSYLVANIA   VOLUNTEERS.  29 


CHAPTER  VI. 

BATTLE  OF  HATCHER'S  RUN —  THE  FIFTH  CARRY  THE  BREASTWORKS  — 
BIVOUAC  —  SILENT  MARCH  —  SUCCESSFUL  FEINT  —  CRAAVFORD  DRIVES 
PEGRAM —  GREGG  AND  AYRES  ROLLED  UP  —  MAHONE  —  HUMPHREY 
FIGHTS  —  NIGHT  ASSAULT  —  THE  ENEMY  REPULSED  —  BURYING  THE 
DEAD  —  BUILDING  BREASTWORKS  —  WINTER  QUARTERS. 

BATTLE  OF  HATCHER'S  RUN,  FEBRUARY  STH  AND  GTH,  1865. 

THE  regiment  remained  in  camp,  performing  the  usual 
duties,  drilling  and  picketing  until  Sunday  morning, 
February  5th,  when,  leaving  their  shelter-tents  and  knap- 
sacks in  charge  of  the  camp  guard,  they  moved  in  light 
marching  order  on  the  old  bloody  path.  The  column,  con- 
sisting of  the  Fifth  Corps,  General  Warren,  the  Second, 
now  under  General  Humphrey,*  and  Gregg's  Cavalry, 
pushed  down  the  Halifax  road  to  near  Ream's  Station,  when, 
turning  to  the  right,  they  moved  nearly  west,  and  near  and 
in  front  of  Dabney's  Mill,  at  three  in  the  afternoon,  the 
advance  of  the  Fifth  came  upon,  and  carried  by  assault,  a 
portion  of  the  enemy's  line  of  breastworks.  The  First 
Division,  General  Griffin,  with  Chamberlain's  brigade  in 
advance,  moved  through  the  captured  works,  and,  with 
Gregg's  cavalry,  pushed  southeastwardly  to  within  three 
miles  of  Dinwiddie  Court  House,  on  the  Boydton  plank- 
road,  where  they  halted  in  a  large  clearing,  got  supper,  and 
made  preparation  for  bivouacking  for  the  night.  Surround- 
ing themselves  with  a  strong  picket  line,  the  men  lay  down 
and  went  to  sleep. 

The  object  of  this  movement  was  to  draw  off  a  portion  of 
the  enemy  to  watch  them,  and,  being  successful,  at  eleven 
o'clock  at  night  the  pickets  were  drawn  in  ;  and  silently  and 
rapidly,  on  the  double-quick,  they  moved  off  toward  the 

*  Major-General  A.  A.  Humphrey,  Chief  of  Engineers. 


30  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

main  body  of  the  army.  If  this  movement  had  been  delayed 
a  half  hour  a  severe  engagement  would  have  taken  place,  as 
the  last  of  the  rear-guard  witnessed  a  heavy  line  of  the 
enemy  charge  over  the  vacated  bivouac,  they  intending  the 
hazard  of  a  night  attack.  Griffin  moved  on  until  he  found 
the  road  obstructed  by  felled  timber,  when,  concealing  him- 
self in  it,  he  bivouacked  for  the  balance  of  the  night.  Early 
the  next  morning,  the  6th,  they  moved  on,  and  soon  reached 
the  captured  insurgent  works.  The  feint  was  a  complete  suc- 
cess. A  large  force  of  the  enemy  followed  it,  thus  weaken- 
ing the  lines  in  front  of  the  main  body,  which  assaulted 
when  this  force  was  well  away,  and  carried  his  works. 
Smythe's  division  and  M'Allister's  brigade  of  Mott's  divi- 
sion most  gallantly  repulsed  an  attempt  of  the  enemy  to 
turn  the  right  of  the  former. 

Everything  remained  moderately  quiet  until  three  in  the 
afternoon,  when  Crawford's  brigade,  which  had  been  thrown 
forward  to  Dabney's  Mill  some  time  before,  encountered  and 
drove  an  insurgent  force  under  General  Pegram,*  who  was 
killed.  By  this  time  the  enemy  had  sent  a  strong  force 
around  our  left  to  strike  it  in  flank  and  rear.  Gregg's  cav- 
alry, which  was  on  the  left  of  Crawford's,  first  felt  the 
shock  of  this  blow,  and  was  pushed  back  to  Hatcher's  run. 
Ayres'  brigade  was  advanced  to  the  support  of  Crawford, 
and  was  struck  in  flank  by  a  division  while  marching,  and 
rolled  up  in  confusion.  The  First  Brigade,  which  was  posted 
in  the  breastworks,  immediately  advanced  to  their  support 
in  column  of  regiment,  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth 
leading.  The  boys  springing  over  the  works,  dashed  through 
the  mud  and  water,  and  in  a  few  moments,  wheeling  sharply 
to  the  right  into  an  open  field,  charged,  with  wild  shouts, 
upon  Mahone's  charging  line.  Sickel,  seeing  the  despera- 
tion of  the  moment,  with  sword  in  hand  led  the  column. 
The  two  met,  the  enemy  overlapping  on  either  side,  but  the 

*  Defeated  and  routed  by  General  Q.  A.  Gillmore  at  Somerset,  Tennessee,  March  30th,  1863. 
Severely  wounded  at  Wilderness,  May  oth,  1864. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  31 

weight  of  our  column  broke  through,  and,  cutting  them  in 
half,  threw  them  into  much  confusion.  At  the  same  moment 
Crawford's  brigade  was  heavily  struck  and  pushed  back, 
and  now  followed  a  desperate  and  sanguinary  struggle. 

While  the  Fifth  Corps  was  hard  pressed  and  almost  over- 
whelmed, Humphrey  arrived  with  the  Second  Corps,  and, 
after  a  short,  decisive  conflict,  the  enemy  were  thrown  back 
in  discomfiture.  General  Sickel  received,  a  painful  flesh 
wound  in  the  left  thigh  from  a  rifle  shot,  and  the  brave 
Lieutenant  Frazier,  of  Company  L,  was  mortally  wounded. 
General  Griffin  thanked  the  General  and  his  regiment  upon 
the  field  for  their  gallantry,  and  gave  them  due  credit  in 
his  official  report. 

Night  came  and  was  intensely  .dark.  The  enemy  deter- 
mined once  more,  if  possible,  to  regain  his  lost  ground. 
Massing  his  forces  on  our  right,  and  approaching  cautiously 
under  cover  of  the  heavy  open  timber  in  front,  he  drove  in 
the  pickets,  and  charged  with  a  yell  right  over  our  works. 
At  the  same  instant  his  numerous  batteries  in  the  rear 
opened  with  shell  over  their  heads,  and  a  dreadful  conflict 
was  at  once  inaugurated.  For  a  moment  things  looked  bad, 
but  with  the  enemy  between  them  and  the  breastworks,  it 
was  not  so  hard  to  re-take  them.  Instantly  recovering  from 
the  shock,  the  lines  were  re-formed,  and,  delivering  a  terrible 
volley  at  close  range,  the  boys  sprang  upon  the  foe  with  the 
bayonet.  The  struggle  for  a  short  time  was  hand-to-hand, 
muskets  being  clubbed  and  bayonets  freely  used.  But  the 
brave  fellows  were  beaten  down  and  crushed  back  by  the 
hardy  men  of  the  North ;  and  amidst  the  flashes  of  musketry 
and  bursting  of  shell,  the  works  were  regained.  "When  a 
force  breaks  and  runs,  then  comes  the  slaughter.  Steadily 
our  men  poured  into  them  an  incessant  fire  until  they  were 
beyond  range. 

During  the  balance  of  the  night  they  were  unmolested, 
and  heavy  details  were  made  to  collect  and  care  for  the 
wounded  of  both  armies.  At  daylight  the  next  morning, 


32  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

the  7th,  the  enemy  had  entirely  disappeared  from  the 
vicinity,  and  heavy  details  were  sent  out  to  bury  the  dead. 
Friend  and  foe  were  laid  in  rows  close  together  upon  the 
field  of  honor  peacefully  to  sleep.  Our  loss  in  this  affair 
was  about  1,800  killed,  wounded  and  missing;  and  that  of 
the  enemy  must  have  been  at  least  equal.* 

About  ten  o'clock,  through  a  drenching  rain,  the  com- 
mand was  moved  from  the  field  into  the  intrenchments. 
As  these  were  erected  by  the  enemy  behind  a  marsh,  in  our 
occupation  of  them  matters  were  reversed,  and  our  troops 
were  forced  to  occupy  the  marsh  for  an  encampment. 
Exposed  to  the  cold  rain,  in  the  mud  and  water,  without 
shelter-tents,  overcoats,  blankets  or  fire,  the  sufferings  of 
the  men  were  severe.  Work  was  at  once  commenced  upon 
a  strong  line  of  defences  on  an  eminence  in  rear,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  Hatcher's  run,  for  the  more  ample  protec- 
tion of  the  position,  our  left  having  been  permanently 
extended  to  this  point.  When  they  were  completed,  the 
regiment  moved  half  a  mile  to  the  rear,  and  encamped  on 
high  ground  along  the  margin  of  a  fine  piece  of  timber. 
Soon  after  their  shelter-tents  and  knapsacks  arrived,  and 
they  engaged  for  the  third  time  in  putting  up  comfortable 
winter  quarters  and  a  chapel.  While  here  their  time  was 
occupied  with  the  ordinary  duties  of  a  camp,  in  close  prox- 
imity to  the  enemy,  until  the  29th  of  March. 

*For  loss  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth,  see  Appendix  A. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  33 


CHAPTER  VII. 

SHERIDAN  AND  SHERMAN  —  SURPRISE  OP  FORT  STEADMAN — THREE  THOUS- 
AND PRISONERS  TAKEN  —  SUPPORTS  THE  XINTH,  SIXTH  AND  SECOND 
CORPS  —  GRANT'S  GRAND  MOVEMENT — BATTLE  OF  LEWIS'  FARM,  OR 
QUAKER  ROAD  —  CHAMBERLAIN  AND  SICKEL  RALLY  THE  LINES  — 
DEATH  OF  MAJOR  MACEUEN  AND  CAPTAIN  MULFREY  —  SICKEL,  SPACK- 
MAN,  GARDNER,  WRIGLEY,  KELLER,  MILLER  AND  MITCHELL  WOUNDED 

—  CHAPLAIN    POMEROY  —  BATTLE    OF   WHITE    OAK    RIDGE  —  MAJOR 
GLENN  ASSUMES  COMMAND  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

—  CHAMBERLAIN'S  PLAN  OF  BATTLE  AND  VICTORY  —  CAPTURE  OF  A 
REBEL  FLAG  —  DEATH   OF   SHRCEDER   AND    POMEROY — SHERIDAN  AT 
FIVE  FORKS  AND  DINWIDDIE  COURT  HOUSE  —  AYRES  TO  His  RELIEF. 

LET  US  glance  for  a  moment  at  the  operations  of  Sheri- 
dan and  Sherman.  Sheridan,  at  the  head  of  10,000 
mounted  men,  left  Winchester  on  the  27th  of  February, 
and  struck  Early  in  his  intrenchments  at  Waynesboro'  on 
the  2d  of  March,  so  completely  routing  and  capturing  his 
army  that  there  was  little  left  of  it  but  Early  himself.* 
Pushing  on,  destroying  depots,  manufactories,  bridges  and 
long  stretches  of  railroad,  and  the  James  Kiver  canal,  he 
swept  around  north  of  Richmond,  and,  by  way  of  White 
House  and  Jones'  landing,  reported  to  Grant  at  City  Point 
on  the  27th  of  March. 

Sherman,  who  had  left  Savannah  on  the  1st  of  February,f 
led  his  victorious  army  through  South  Carolina,  causing  the 
evacuation,  by  the  rebels,  of  the  posts  on  the  sea  coast,  to 
Goldsboro',  North  Carolina,  whence,  leaving  it,  he  proceeded 
by  railroad  and  steamer  to  City  Point,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  27th  of  March  also,  and  met  in  council  the  President, 
Generals  Grant,  Meade,  Sheridan  and  others. 

*Greeley,  Volume  II,  page  727. 
tGreeley,  Volume  II,  page  097. 


34  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

SURPRISE  OF  FORT  STEADMAN,  MARCH  25TH,  1865. 

Lee  and  Davis,  foreseeing  clearly  the  speedy  downfall  of 
the  Confederacy,  unless  averted  by  a  telling  blow  that  would 
deliver  them  from  the  grasp  of  Grant,  and  enable  them  to 
unite  with  Johnston  and  crush  Sherman,  resolved  upon  the 
desperate  effort.  Accordingly,  on  the  night  of  the  24th  of 
March  Lee  concentrated  two  powerful  divisions,  under  Gen- 
erals Gordon  and  Ransom,  with  20,000  of  his  best  troops 
massed  in  their  rear  as  a  support,  at  Colquitt's  Salient,  on 
the  extreme  east  of  the  rebel  line,  opposite  Fort  Steadman, 
and,  at  a  little  before  light  the  next  morning,  having  steadily 
approached  and  silenced  the  Union  pickets,  burst  in  over- 
powering columns  upon  the  main  line,  surprising  and  cap- 
turing at  a  blow  Fort  Steadman,  and  batteries  to  right  and 
left,  from  Fort  Haskell  to  Battery  IX,  thus  swinging  open 
wide  gates  in  the  Union  line,  and  clearing  the  way  for  the 
advance  of  their  powerful  support.  The  portion  of  the  line 
broken  was  occupied  by  M'Laughlin's  brigade  of  Wilcox's 
division,  the  greater  portion  of  which  was  captured.  The 
Fort  was  held  by  the  Fourteenth  New  York  Artillery. 

Undoubtedly  it  was  Lee's  intention  to  push  forward  the 
20,000  reserve,  seize  the  crest  of  the  ridge  about  Meade's 
station  on  the  military  railroad  behind  the  forts,  and  cut  our 
army  in  two.  But  the  order  for  the  advance  was  either  not 
given  or  not  promptly  responded  to,  and  our  troops  rallying 
from  their  surprise  were  preparing  to  make  a  counter-assault, 
while  our  guns  on  either  side  were  trained  to  sweep  the 
ground  over  which  they  advance.  Like  our  officers  at 
Burnside's  mine  explosion,  they  failed  to  seize  the  oppor- 
tunity, and  the  assaulting  columns  became  an  isolated  handful 
in  the  midst  of  an  army  of  foes.  General  Hartranft,  whose 
division  was  laying  in  reserve  in  rear  of  the  Ninth  Corps, 
immediately  moved  to  the  assault,  and  as  the  line  dashed 
forward,  the  rebels  seeing  the  hopelessness  of  their  position, 
threw  down  their  arms  in  large  numbers,  and  began  to  pass 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  35 

through  the  advancing  ranks  to  the  rear.*  The  triumph 
was  complete.  The  works  were  regained,  with  all  the  guns 
uninjured,  and  nearly  three  thousand  prisoners  with  small 
arms  and  battle  flags  were  captured. 

General  Meade,  believing  that  the  enemy's  lines  generally 
must  have  been  weakened  to  strengthen  this  assault,  ordered 
an  advance  along  the  front  of  the  Sixth  and  Second  Corps, 
holding  our  works  to  the  left  of  Fort  Steadman.  The  at- 
tack was  made  with  such  spirit  that  their  strongly  intrenched 
picket  line  was  taken  from  them  and  permanently  held  by 
our  forces.  Thus  Lee  tightened  rather  than  loosened  Grant's 
grip  upon  the  throat  of  the  Confederacy. 

At  early  dawn  this  day  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety- 
eighth,  with  the  brigade,  was  hurriedly  got  under  arms,  and 
double-quicked  down  the  lines  some  two  miles  to  re-enforce 
the  Ninth  Corps.  From  thence  it  was  moved  from  point  to 
point  in  rear  of  the  Sixth  and  Second  Corps,  during  their 
assaults  upon  the  enemy's  lines,  whenever  their  support 
seemed  most  urgent,  and  although  frequently  under  fire 
they  were  not  actually  engaged.  This  continued  during  the 
entire  day,  and  late  in  the  evening  it  returned  to  its  camp 
completely  worn  out.  The  entire  loss  in  our  army  during 
the  day  was  2,390  officers  and  men,  nearly  1,000  of  whom 
were  prisoners.  The  loss  to  the  enemy  was  probably  one- 
third  more. 

On  the  24th,  Grant  had  prepared  orders  for  a  general  ad- 
vance on  our  left  on  the  29th.  It  now  became  absolutely 
necessary  to  do  so,  to  intercept  and  preclude  Lee's  with- 
drawal to  North  Carolina.  Three  divisions  of  the  army  of 
the  James,  now  commanded  by  General  Ord,  were  brought 
over  to  the  left  on  the  27th.  Leaving  the  Ninth  Corps,  Gen- 
eral Parke  and  one  division  of  Ord's  to  hold  our  extended 
lines  in  front  of  Petersburg,  and  sending  all  dismounted 
cavalrymen  to  General  Benham  for  the  defence  of  City  Point, 
on  the  29th  Grant  commenced  his  last  grand  movement. 

*Prot.  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Volume  V,  page  521. 


36  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

THE  BATTLE  OF  LEWIS  FARM  OR  QUAKER  ROAD,  MARCH 
29TH,  1865. 

Late  on  the  evening  of  the  28th,  the  One  Hundred  and 
Ninety-eighth  received  orders  to  strike  tents  and  rest  upon 
its  arms  in  readiness  for  an  early  march,  the  whole  army 
awaiting  the  signal  to  deliver  a  decisive  blow.  At  three 
o'clock  the  next  morning,  they  leading,  the  Fifth  Corps 
moved  off  at  a  double-quick  in  a  southerly  direction,  crossed 
the  Rowanty  on  pontoons  below  the  junction  of  Gravelly  and 
Hatcher's  runs,  and  pushed  westward  on  the  Monks'  Neck 
road  to  the  Quaker  road,  into  which  they  turned  northward 
to  strike  the  Boydton  plank-road  at  Rainie's.  In  this  move- 
ment General  Chamberlain's  brigade  led,  and,  in  fact,  consti- 
tuted an  advanced  guard.  The  enemy's  advanced  posts 
were  encountered  at  the  crossing  of  Gravelly  run.  Being 
easily  driven  back,  they  joined  their  main  body,  strongly 
posted  in  earth-works  on  the  edge  of  the  piece  of  timber 
near  an  old  saw  mill.  In  front  of  the  works  stretched  a 
clear  field,  one  thousand  yards  deep  and  wide,  flanked  on 
either  side  by  heavy  timber,  in  which  were  posted  sharp- 
shooters. General  Chamberlain  made  his  disposition  for 
attack  ;  placing  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania on  the  right,  in  two  wings,  commanded  by  General 
Sickel  and  Major  Glenn,  and  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty- 
fifth  New  York,  Colonel  Sniper,  on  the  left,  with  Battery  B, 
Fourth  U.  S.  Artillery,  Lieutenant  Mitchell,  in  the  center. 
The  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fifth  Pennsylvania,  Colonel  Pear- 
son, formed  a  reserve,  moving  in  support.  The  battery  being 
well  posted  for  effective  fire,  the  brigade  advanced  at  the 
double-quick  and  soon  was  enveloped  in  the  terrible  fire  of 
the  securely  posted  Confederates.  Our  troops  were  not 
allowed  to  deliver  fire  until  they  came  into  close  quarters, 
when  the  engagement  became  very  severe,  our  troops  being 
again  and  again  checked,  but  renewing  the  assault  with  in- 
creased impetuosity.  The  fire  of  the  battery  being  now 
directed  to  cover  our  left  flank,  which  was  in  danger  of 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  37 

being  turned,  the  battle  raged  fiercely  in  the  center,  where 
not  only  the  line  of  fire  from  the  enemy's  breastworks,  but 
that  of  many  sharp-shooters  in  the  trees  told  with  deadly 
effect  upon  our  men.  General  Chamberlain  receiving  a  severe 
wound  in  the  breast,  for  a  moment  reeled  in  his  saddle,  but 
at  that  instant  a  sharp  "  rebel  yell"  on  our  right  roused  his 
attention,  and  he  saw  the  rebels  pouring  upon  the  right 
flank  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth,  and  in  spite 
of  the  heroic  and  stubborn  resistance  of  that  wing  it  showed 
signs  of  breaking  to  the  rear,  when  he  put  spurs  to  his  horse 
and  rode  down  to  assist  General  Sickel,  who  was  bravely 
rallying  his  overpowered  men.  The  men  soon  responded  to 
these  efforts,  and,  rallying,  they  drove  the  rebels  entirely  back 
into  their  works.  General  Chamberlain  was  again  wounded 
and  his  horse  shot  under  him,  and  General  Sickel  received  a 
severe  bone  wound  in  the  left  arm,  notwithstanding  which 
he  fought  on  like  a  hero.  Directly  between  these  two  offi- 
cers fell  Major  Charles  I.  Maceuen,  a  gallant  and  noble  young 
officer. 

No  sooner  had  our  right  been  thus  restored  than  the  enemy 
turned  the  left  of  the  brigade,  bursting  on  the  One  Hundred 
and  Eighty-fifth  New  York  with  terrific  force.  Our  men 
drifting  back  into  the  battery  on  the  left,  General  Chamberlain 
moved  it  into  position  to  throw  solid  shot  over  the  heads  of 
our  broken  left,  and  while  the  tree  tops  were  coming  down 
on  the  astonished  rebels,  Pearson's  regiment  was  brought  up 
in  the  center  and  went  in  most  gallantly,  and  one  more 
grand  rush  was  made  for  the  enemy's  works,  which,  after  a 
hard  contest,  were  triumphantly  carried.  The  loss  in  the 
brigade  was  367  killed  and  wounded,  of  which  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  Ninety-eighth  lost  nearly  one-half.*  Besides  the 
loss  of  the  brave  Maceuen,  fell  also  Captain  George  W.  Mul- 
frey,  a  braver  youth  than  whom,  the  regiment  possessed  not. 
Among  the  wounded  were  Captains  Thomas  C.  Spackman, 
Benjamin  F.  Gardner  and'  Samuel  Wrigley,  and  Lieutenants 

*  For  loss  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth,  see  Appendix  A. 


38  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

Jeremiah  C.  Keller  and  William  A.  Miller.  Captain  Mitch- 
ell, of  the  battery,  mounted  on  a  gun  carriage  directing 
his  fire,  was  severely  wounded. 

After  the  fight  General  Chamberlain  sought  General 
kSickel,  who  greeted  him  with  a  soldier's  frankness  :  "  Gen- 
eral, you  have  the  courage  of  the  lion,  and  the  gentleness  of  a 
woman."  "No,  Sickel!  it  was  your  heroism  and  example 
that  saved  us,"  was  the  reply.  The  groans  of  the  wounded 
rebels  who  fell  into  our  hands  were  very  distressing  to  hear, 
and  were  something  different  from  the  undemonstrative 
habit  of  our  own  men  under  such  circumstances. 

Humphreys,  with  the  Second  Corps,  crossed  Hatcher's  run 
at  the  Vaughan  road,  about  four  miles  to  the  right  of  War- 
ren, and  moved  in  an  extended  line,  over  a  densely  wooded 
and  difficult  country.  He  met  with  skirmishes  only  and 
did  not  strike  the  enemy's  intrenched  lines.  Sheridan,  at 
the  head  of  10,000  men,  all  the  cavalry  of  the  army  except 
headquarters  escorts,  moved  to  the  left  and  independent  of 
Warren,  striking  Dinwiddie  Court  House  without  meeting 
with  much  opposition,  and  for  a  time  isolating  the  insurgent 
cavalry. 

During  the  battle  the  excellent  Chaplain,  Mr.  Pomeroy, 
was  assiduous  in  his  attention  to  the  wounded,  and  until  late 
at  night,  with  the  willing  assistance  of  the  men,  he  labored 
to  render  them  as  comfortable  as  circumstances  would  permit. 
The  dead  were  all  properly  buried,  and  over  their  graves 
he  performed  the  funeral  services.  The  regiment  encamped 
upon  the  field,  and  during  the  night  a  cold  rain  set  in  that 
continued  all  the  next  day.  This  region,  as  is  likewise  most 
of  southeastern  Virginia,  is  level,  much  covered  with  thick 
and  tangled  woods,  and  well  watered  by  numerous  small, 
swampy  streams.  The  soil  in  some  places  was  clayey,  in 
others  sandy,  which,  when  commingled  in  wet  places,  par- 
takes of  the  nature  of  "  quick-sand,"  and  where  upheaved 
by  the  winter  frosts  that  now  had  left  it,  presented  little 
more  support  to  wheels  or  hoofs  than  would  snow. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  39 

Our  army  the  next  day  for  the  most  part  remained  quiet, 
but  Lee,  alive  to  his  peril,  leaving  8,000  men  under  Long- 
street  to  hold  his  works,  hurried  with  all  the  rest  of  his  army, 
through  rain  and  mire,  to  support  his  endangered  right. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  WHITE  OAK  RIDGE,  MARCH  31sT,  1865. 

The  brigade  having  been  so  severely  engaged  on  the  29th, 
remained  in  position  during  the  30th.  At  daylight  on  the 
31st,  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth,  with  the  bri- 
gade, moved  out  the  Boydton  plank-road,  past  Mrs.  Buller's 
house,  where  Griffin's  division  massed.  The  brigade  was 
then  formed  on  the  bank  of  Gravelly  run,  where,  though  the 
bridge  was  destroyed,  it  seemed  that  an  attack  of  the  enemy 
was  anticipated.  Several  batteries  were  sent  to  General  Cham- 
berlain and  disposed  so  as  to  guard  against  an  attack  from 
that  quarter,  which  in  the  present  formation  of  the  Fifth 
Corps  lines  facing  northwest  would  be  a  flank  and  rear 
attack.  The  Second  and  Third  divisions  having  crossed  a 
small  branch  moved  out  in  a  northerly  direction,  and  were 
expected  to  engage  the  enemy  along  the  White  Oak  road. 
Ayres,  who  was  out  a  mile  or  more  towards  the  White  Oak 
road,  being  ordered  to  drive  in  the  enemy's  pickets,  received 
at  the  moment  of  his  attack  a  heavy  blow  upon  his  left 
flank,  which  was  irresistibly  driven  back  on  Crawford's  divi- 
sion. This,  too,  broke  in  the  disorder,  and  both  came  back, 
in  much  confusion,  upon  Griffin's  division,  which  lay  along 
the  plank-road.  The  division,  already  substantially  in  line 
of  battle,  extended  itself  to  stay  the  flight  of  the  troops  rush- 
ing through  their  ranks.  The  enemy,  flushed  with  suc- 
cess, came  on  to  the  very  bank  of  the  branch,  and  making  a 
demonstration  there,  General  Chamberlain  changed  the  direc- 
tion of  one  or  two  of  his  batteries  to  that  point,  and  brought 
the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania,  now  com- 
manded by  Major  Glenn,  into  the  interval  facing  the  enemy's 
assault,  still  holding  the  left  of  his  brigade,  with  Gregory's 
in  its  original  position,  to  guard  against  an  attack  from  the 


40  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

west.  Our  retreating  troops  being  now  pretty  well  across 
the  branch,  we  opened  on  the  enemy  a  heavy  fire  of  mus- 
ketry and  artillery,  checking  their  advance.  They  appeared 
now  to  content  themselves  with  maintaining  their  present 
position. 

Just  then  Generals  Warren  and  Griffin  rode  up  to  Gen- 
eral Chamberlain,  arid,  in  a  manner  of  excitement  unusal 
to  them,  said,  "  General  Chamberlain,  will  you  save  the 
honor  of  the  Fifth  Corps  ?  "  That  was  an  appeal  not  to  be 
resisted,  although  the  First  Brigade  and  its  commander  had 
suffered  severely  in  the  fight  two  days  before.  "  Form  your 
own  plans,  and  nobody  shall  interfere  with  you,"  said  War- 
ren, who  immediately  took  measures  to  have  a  bridge  built 
over  the  branch,  the  water  being  three  or  four  feet  deep,  and 
the  bottom  muddy  and  soft.  But  without  waiting  for  the 
bridge,  the  brigade  was  formed  in  two  lines,  Major  Glenn 
with  the  right  wing  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth 
Pennsylvania  in  the  advance,  and  dashed  through  the  stream, 
driving  the  enemy's  skirmishers  before  them  as  much  by  the 
moral  effect  of  the  movement  as  by  the  fire  of  the  Third 
Brigade,  which  still  continued  obliquely,  while  the  First  was 
crossing.  "  I  will  give  you  Gregory's  brigade,"  says  Griffin, 
"  and  follow  with  Bartlett's  myself."  On  the  left  the  skir- 
mish line  of  the  First  Division,  Colonel  Pearson  command- 
ing, advanced,  followed  by  Ayres'  division. 

In  this  way  the  enemy  was  pressed  back  a  mile  or  so  to  the 
field,  where  the  attack  had  routed  our  troops  in  the  morning, 
and  our  dead  and  wounded  were  recovered.  Across  this  field 
the  enemy  appeared  in  heavy  force  in  an  entrenched  position, 
and  some  more  carefully  prepared  form  of  attack  was  now 
necessary.  The  first  line  had  gained  a  slight  crest  half  way 
across  the  field,  and  they  were  now  halted  until  the  disposi- 
tion for  the  attack  could  be  prepared.  Having  Bartlett's 
fine  brigade  in  the  rear  and  Crawford's  division  somewhere 
on  the  right  and  rear,  General  Chamberlain  formed  a  plan 
to  carry  the  works  and  line  across  the  field  by  a  dash.  Form- 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  41 

ing  Gregory's  brigade  on  the  right  of  his  own,  in  echelon 
by  the  left  battalion,  to  counter-flank  any  flank  attack  on  the 
right,  and,  having  an  understanding  with  General  Ayres 
that  he  would  form  his  division  in  the  woods  on  the  left, 
also  in  echelon  by  the  right,  to  meet  an  expected  assault  on 
the  left  flank,  and,  bringing  his  own  brigade  into  line, 
stretching  across  the  field,  sheltered  somewhat  by  the  crest 
referred  to,  General  Chamberlain  instructed  Gregory  to 
move  through  the  woods  on  the  right,  and  when  he  struck 
the  enemy  in  force,  to  open  on  them  the  heaviest  possible 
fire,  while  with  the  First  Brigade  he  should  take  the  open 
field  at  a  dash.  This  was  executed  to  perfection.  The  roar 
of  Gregory's  fire  was  the  signal  for  the  assault,  and  the 
moment  the  First  Brigade  came  into  full  view  a  terrific  fire 
of  the  enemy  converging  from  front,  and  right  and  left,  with 
their  artillery  at  close  range,  made  it  a  blinding  storm  of 
destruction  in  an  instant.  Only  for  a  moment  did  the 
sudden  and  terrible  blast  of  death  cause  the  right  of  the 
line  to  waver.  On  they  dashed,  every  color  flying,  officers 
leading,  right  in  among  the  enemy,  leaping  the  breastworks, 
a  confused  struggle  of  firing,  thrusting,  cutting,  a  tremend- 
ous surge  of  force,  both  moral  and  physical,  on  the  enemy's 
breaking  lines,  and  the  works  were  carried.  Private  Augus- 
tus Zeiber,  Company  D,  captured  the  flag  of  the  Fifty-sixth 
Virginia  in  the  taking  of  one  of  the  parapets,  and  handed 
it  to  General  Chamberlain  in  the  midst  of  the  melee,  who 
immediately  gave  it  back  to  him,  telling  him  to  keep  it  and 
take  the  credit  he  so  rightly  deserved.*  Almost  that  entire 
regiment  was  captured  at  the  same  time.  Prisoners  were 
taken  belonging  to  Pickett's  and  Johnson's  divisions  who 
reported  Lee  near  the  field.  So  rapid  had  been  the  charge, 
and  so  confused  were  the  enemy  at  the  fierce  onset,  that  the 
loss  on  our  part  was  comparatively  small — of  the  Fifth 
Corps,  1,433  officers  and  men;  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania,  about  seventy-five.  Among  the 

*  Lieutenant  Seitzinger  and  General  Chamberlain. 


42  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

killed  were  Captain  Isaac  Shroeder,  of  Company  D,  a  brave 
and  good  officer,  and  Lieutenant  Andrew  A.  Pomeroy,  a 
young  gentleman  of  fine  promise  and  a  valued  officer.  He 
was  a  brother  of  the  chaplain,* 

A  renewal  of  the  fight  was  expected  all  night,  as  it  was 
said  that  Lee  was  near,  and  that  a  counter  attack  on  us  was 
to  be  made  in  force.  The  heavy  fire  to  our  left  and  rear 
also  gave  token  that  Sheridan  was  being  severely  pressed. 

Humphreys,  with  the  Second  Corps,  was  not  idle.  Miles' 
division  struck  the  enemy  on  the  left  flank  some  distance 
to  Warren's  right,  and  Miles,  Mott  and  Hays,  under  Hum- 
phreys' orders,  made  repeated  attempts  to  drive  them  from 
their  works,  but  the  abatis  which  covered  its  front  was 
found  impenetrable,  and  they  were  repelled. 

The  same  day,  Sheridan,  taking  advantage  of  Lee's  being 
occupied  with  Warren,  advanced  Devin's  division  and  Davie's 
brigade  of  cavalry  to  Five  Forks,  and  carried  that  coveted 
position.  When  Lee  was  clear  of  Warren  he  impelled 
Pickett's  division,  Wise's  independent  brigade  of  infantry, 
and  Fitz  Hugh  Lee's,  Rosser's  and  W.  H.  Lee's  cavalry 
commands  against  them,  drove  them  out,  and  nearly  to 
Dinwiddie  Court  House.  But  Sheridan  charged  them  in 
flank  with  Gregg's  and  Gibbs'  brigades,  and  compelled 
them  to  let  go  of  Devin  and  take  care  of  themselves. 

Sheridan  held  his  position  until  morning  at  the  Forks, 
near  Doctor  Smith's  house,  with  Ouster's  division,  and  the 
enemy  withdrew  during  the  night.  Meantime,  at  head- 
quarters, where  it  was  only  known  that  Sheridan  had  been 
driven  to  the  Court  House,  there  was  naturally  much  alarm 
and  anxiety  for  his  safety,  and  repeated  orders  were  sent  to 
General  Warren,  who  laid  near  White  Oak  road  and  the 
western  point  of  the  rebel  works,  to  dispatch  a  division 
down  the  Boydton  plank-road  to  his  aid.  Warren,  at  five 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  had  sent  General  Bartlett's  brigade 
towards  Five  Forks,  and,  at  dark,  it  had  reached  a  position 

*  The  bodies  of  these  two  officers  were  sent  home  to  their  families.     See  Appendix  A. 


PENNSYLVANIA   VOLUNTEERS.  43 

near  Doctor  Boiseau's  house,  at  the  crossing  of  Gravelly 
run,  in  the  rear  of  the  enemy.  About  ten  o'clock,  in  dark- 
ness of  a  stormy,  starless  night,  Ayres  was  ordered  to  move 
down  the  plank-road  to  join  Sheridan,  but  on  account  of  the 
necessity  of  re-building  the  bridge  over  Gravelly  run,  he 
did  not  reach  his  position  at  J.  M.  Brooks'  house,  on  the 
road  between  the  enemy  and  Bartlett's  brigade,  until  day- 
light, just  as  the  rebel  picket  was  withdrawing,  the  move- 
ment by  them  having  commenced  about  eleven  o'clock  at 
night. 

About  five  A.M.,  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth, 
which  had  been  much  disturbed  through  the  night  with 
orders,  moved  with  the  division  rapidly  across  the  country 
in  a  southwesterly  direction  to  Crumps,  near  the  crossing  of 
Gravelly  run,  and  near  Bartlett's  position.  General  War- 
ren soon  afterwards  moved  with  Crawford's  division  from  in 
front  of  the  enemy's  headquarters  on  the  White  Oak  road, 
but  was  not  followed  and  attacked  by  Lee  as  he  should  have 
been.  By  the  neglect  to  do  so,  Lee  was  kept  in  ignorance 
of  the  movement  of  our  infantry  against  his  detached  forces 
at  Five  Forks  until  it  was  too  late  to  re-enforce  or  with- 
draw them. 


44  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

BATTLE  OF  FIVE  FORKS  —  GALLANT  CHARGE  OF  MAJOR  GLENN  —  FALL  OF 
GLENN —  WARREN  RELIEVED  —  CAPTAIN  STANTON  ASSUMES  COMMAND 
OF  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  —  GENERAL  ASSAULT-* 
CLAIBORNE'S  ROAD — TIRESOME  MARCH  —  DAVIS  EVACUATES  RICH- 
MOND—  REJOICING  IN  OUR  LINES  —  WEITZEL  ENTERS  THE  CAPITAL  — 
AIM  OF  LEE  TO  UNITE  WITH  JOHNSON  —  His  RETREAT  —  RELENTLESS 
SHERIDAN  —  INFANTRY  FOLLOWING  —  SAILORS'  CREEK. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  FIVE  FORKS,  APRIL  IST,  1865. 

TTPON  the  arrival  of  Warren,  about  seven  A.M.,  he  met 
U  Sheridan,  who  was  following  the  enemy,  and  reported 
to  him  by  order  of  General  Meade.  The  corps  was  col- 
lected, and,  at  one  P.  M.,  moved  to  Gravelly  run  church. 
Here  the  escort  was  advanced  as  a  picket  to  conceal  the 
presence  of  infantry.  The  corps  was  formed  oblique  to 
the  road,  with  the  right  advanced,  two  divisions  in  front 
and  the  third  in  reserve  behind  the  right  division.  Each 
division  had  two  brigades  in  front,  each  brigade  in  two  lines 
of  battle,  and  a  third  brigade  in  the  same  formation  behind 
its  center.  It  was  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  before  War- 
ren completed  this  formation,  and  Sheridan  was  getting 
impatient.  Our  cavalry,  which  consisted  of  Merritt's,  Ous- 
ter's, Devin's  and  Crook's  divisions,  and  laid  to  the  left  of 
Warren,  attacked  the  enemy  and  drove  him  into  his  formid- 
able works,  extending  along  White  Oak  road  across  Five 
Forks.  General  M'Kenzie's  one  thousand  cavalry  on  War- 
ren's right  attacked  and  drove  some  of  the  enemies  towards 
Petersburg. 

The  cavalry  under  General  Merritt  attacked  the  whole 
front  of  the  enemy's  works,  and  made  a  feint  to  turn  their 
right  flank,  while  Warren,  advancing  to  the  White  Oak  road, 
and  swinging  around  to  the  left,  burst  like  a  thunder-bolt 
upon  their  left  and  rear.  The  fighting  for  a  time  was  ter- 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  45 

ribly  severe.  Ayres'  and  Crawford's  divisions  that  held  the 
advance,  separating  Griffin's  that  formed  the  support,  moved 
forward  to  occupy  the  interval.  The  left  and  right  of  the 
former  having  recoiled,  General  Chamberlain  dashed  up  to 
Major  Glenn  and  said,  "  Major,  if  you  will  take  those  works 
you  shall  have  a  colonel's  commission."  Turning  to  his 
men,  the  Major  asked,  "  Boys,  will  you  follow  me  ?"  A  wild 
shout  was  the  response,  and  with  their  standard  floating  at 
their  head,  they  dashed  forward  after  the  gallant  Major, 
passing  through  the  storm  of  buzzing  lead.  Reaching  the 
breastworks  a  deadly  struggle  ensued.  Bravely  the  boys 
pressed  forward  their  flag,  and  thrice  it  was  beaten  down, 
but  gloriously  it  arose  again  amid  the  battle  smoke  until, 
blood-stained  and  torn,  it  floated  triumphant  over  the  works. 
General  Chamberlain,  who  in  the  meantime  had  taken  one 
of  Ayres'  brigades  and  part  of  Bartlett's  with  the  remainder 
of  his,  and  pushed  in  on  the  left  of  this  gallant  and  trium- 
phant charge,  rode  forward  to  congratulate  the  leader,  and 
to  assure  him  of  the  fulfilment  of  his  promise.  But,  alas ! 
in  the  moment  of  triumph,  when  the  Major  had  seized  one 
of  the  enemy's  colors  from  the  hands  of  its  bearer,  he  was 
pierced  by  a  bullet,  and  fell  mortally  wounded.  General 
Chamberlain's  promise  was,  however,  fulfilled ;  for  he  rec- 
ommended Major  Glenn  for  promotion  to  the  President, 
and  the  Brevet  was  conferred. 

The  division  took  1,500  prisoners.  Ayres  struck  farther 
to  the  left  and  took  1,000.  Crawford,  to  the  right,  gained 
the  Fords  road,  running  northward  from  their  center,  down 
which  he  turned  southward,  taking  the  enemy  in  their  rear, 
capturing  1,000  prisoners  and  four  guns.  The  cavalry, 
which  had  vigorously  assailed  their  front  and  right,  at 
length  charged  over  their  intrenchments.  Griffin  and 
Ayres  swept  down  the  rear  of  their  works,  doubling  up  their 
left  flank  in  confusion,  and  Mettitt,  with  his  cavalry,  dashed 
into  the  White  Oak  road,  and,  riding  into  their  broken 
ranks,  so  demoralized  them  that  they  made  no  serious  stand 


46  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

afterwards.  Hurled  in  disorderly  flight  westward,  they 
were  charged  and  pursued  by  our  cavalry  until  long  after 
dark,  and  until  our  prisoners  reached  nearly  6,000.  Their 
killed  and  wounded  amounted  to  about  1,000,  and  ours  little 
exceeded  this  number.  In  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety- 
eighth,*  besides  Major  Glenn  being  killed,  Lieutenant  Joseph 
H.  Lutz,  of  Company  D,  was  wounded.  We  captured 
thousands  of  small  arms  and  numerous  flags,  and  the  right 
wing  of  Lee's  army  was  substantially  smashed  up. 

General  Sheridan,  who  won  this  great  victory,  was  dis- 
satisfied with  Warren's  not  more  promptly  marching  during 
the  night  to  join  him,  and  with  the  delay  in  getting  his 
corps  into  position  to  commence  the  battle.  When  the 
right  and  left  of  Ay  res'  and  Crawford's  troops  recoiled,  he 
attributed  it  to  want  of  confidence,  which  he  thought  War- 
ren did  not  exert  himself  to  inspire.  He,  therefore,  relieved 
Warren  and  directed  Griffin  to  assume  command  of  the 
Fifth  Corps,  but  the  order  of  relief  did  not  reach  Warren 
until  the  close  of  the  battle.  This  action  seems  hardly  war- 
ranted by  Warren's  conduct,  and  his  gallantry  through  the 
war.  That  General  Grant's  confidence  was  not  shaken  in 
Warren  is  proved  by  his  immediate  assignment  of  him  to 
the  command  of  the  Department  of  Mississippi,  then  the 
theatre  of  active  warfare. 

Soon  after  the  battle  Griffin  moved  eastward  with  two 
divisions  to  reopen  communication  with  the  rest  of  the 
army,  and  his  own  division,  now  commanded  by  General 
Bartlett,  supported  by  M'Kenzie's  cavalry,  was  pushed  up 
the  Fords  road  to  Hatcher's  run.  The  One  Hundred  and 
Ninety-eighth,  now  under  the  command  of  Captain  John 
Stanton,f  Company  A,  and  the  brigade  still  under  General 
Chamberlain,  who  preferred  to  retain  it  though  offered  his 
old  brigade,  the  Third,  bivouacked  upon  the  field  and  took 
care  of  the  wounded. 

*See  Appendix  A. 

fin  the  struggle  for  the  flag  which  Major  Glenn  captured,  Captain  Stanton  bore  a  con 
spicuous  part. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  47 

Grant's  headquarters  were  now  near  Dabney's  Mill,  and 
Meade's  some  three  miles  to  the  west  on  the  Boydton  plank- 
road,  near  Mrs.  Buller's.  Grant  announced  the  glad  tidings 
of  Sheridan's  victory  to  the  rebels  that  night,  by  opening 
with  all  the  guns  in  position  before  Petersburg,  making  the 
night  lurid  with  the  bombardment,  and  predicating  the  fall 
of  treason.  At  daylight  the  next  morning  the  whole  line 
assaulted,  Parke  with  the  Ninth  Corps  carrying  the  outer  line 
of  rebel  works  confronting  him.  Wright  to  the  left,  with 
the  Sixth  Corps  and  two  divisions  of  Ord's,  drove  every- 
thing before  him  to  the  Boydton  plank-road,  when,  wheel- 
ing towards  Hatcher's  run,  he  turned  the  rebel  intrench- 
ments,  sweeping  down  which  he  captured  many  guns  and 
several  thousand  prisoners.  Ord,  forcing  the  crossing  at  the 
run  with  Wright,  turned  northeastward  towards  Petersburg. 
Humphreys',  farther  to  the  left,  with  Mott's  and  Hay's  divi- 
sions of  the  Second  Corps,  storms  a  redoubt  in  his  front, 
and  closed  in  on  their  left.  Ord,  with  Gibbon's  division, 
assaulted  and  carried  Forts  Gregg  and  Baldwin,  two  import- 
ant works. 

About  eleven  this  morning,  April  2d,  the  One  Hundred 
and  Ninety-eighth  got  into  line,  with  the  rest  of  the  corps 
and  Mile's  division  of  the  Second,  and  Sheridan's  cavalry, 
and  marched  eastward  on  the  White  Oak  road,  and  attacked 
and  carried  the  enemy's  works  at  the  intersection  of  Clai- 
borne's  road.  Following  them  northward  across  Hatcher's 
run  to  Sutherland's  depot  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  he 
was  about  to  assault  when  Humphreys  came  up  and  re- 
claimed Miles'  division.  It  was  now  about  2  P.  M.  Sheri- 
dan at  once  desisting,  marched  back  of  Five  Forks,  and 
taking  the  Fords  road  to  Hatcher's  run,  moved  rapidly 
towards  and  to  the  left  of  Sutherland's  depot  to  strike  the 
rear  and  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the  enemy,  who  confronted 
Miles.  Miles  in  the  meantime  had  defeated  them,  capturing 
two  guns  and  six  hundred  prisoners. 

This  was  the  most  tiresome  day's  march  the  One  Hundred 


48  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

and  Ninety-eighth  had  ever  experienced,  it  extending  far 
into  the  night,  and  being  resumed  at  light  of  the  following 
day.  Much  of  it  was  on  the  double-quick,  and  through 
dense  thickets  and  swamps,  with  but  few  short  halts. 

Longstreet,  who  held  the  defence  of  Richmond  north  of 
the  James,  rejoined  Lee  at  Petersburg  this  forenoon.  A. 
P.  Hill,  who  attempted  to  regain  part  of  the  works  taken 
by  Parke,  was  shot  dead.  He  was  one  of  Lee's  best  officers. 

Lee's  loss  during  the  last  two  days  was  at  least  12,000 
men,  and  he  saw  that  Grant  could  now  extend  his  left  to  the 
Appomattox,  and  could  also  seize  the  railroad  junction  at 
Berkesville,  his  only  avenue  of  supplies.  Recognizing  the 
imperative  necessity  of  immediately  evacuating  Petersburg, 
he,  at  ten  o'clock  on  that  fated  Sunday  morning,  telegraphed 
to  Davis  that  his  lines  were  broken  in  three  places,  and  that 
Richmond  was  to  be  evacuated  that  evening.  The  dispatch 
found  Mr.  Davis  at  church.  He  and  his  family  walked 
quietly  out,  with  the^  doom  of  treason  written  on  his  face. 
No  one  can  duly  portray  the  horrors  of  the  last  hours  of 
Slave-Holding-Powers  rule  in  Richmond.  God's  vengeance 
was  upon  them.  His  measure  of  justice  had  been  filled. 
The  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  unrequited  toil  and 
lashes  had  been  atoned  for  by  the  sunken  treasures  and 
blood  of  the  master.  And  we  who  had  been  the  silent  par- 
ticipants in  the  great  wrong  had  paid  too  our  full  measure 
in  woe  and  treasure. 

Seizing  the  trains  that  should  have  borne  to  Lee's  heroic 
army  the  much-needed  supplies,  amidst  the  riot  of  a 
drunken,  plundering  mob  and  the  lurid  flames  and  smoke  of 
an  immense  conflagration,  Davis  and  his  host  of  satellites 
fled  in  confusion  and  dismay.  On  our  lines  for  miles  the 
bands  pealed  forth  our  national  anthems,  and  soldiers  vented 
their  frenzies  of  delight  in  loud  cheers,  until  "the  musicians 
fell  asleep  with  their  horns  to  their  mouths,  and  boys  wav- 
ing their  caps  in  the  air."  Never  in  this  wide  world  was 
there  such  utter  despair  and  wild  rejoicings  in  armies  before, 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  49 

for  not  only  were  the  rebel  forces  dismayed,  but  their  cher- 
ished government  vanquished  like  a  bubble  in  the  air. 

Silently  through  the  night  all  the  rebel  forces  north  of 
Richmond  marched  off,  and  soon  after  daylight  on  Monday, 
the  third  of  April,  General  Weitzel  and  staff  rode  into  the 
Capital  amid  a  constant  roar  of  exploding  shells  and  falling 
walls,  and  were  welcomed  by  the  shouts  of  thousands  of 
humble  citizens  and  negroes.  Petersburg  was  evacuated 
simultaneously  with  Richmond,  but  so  noiselessly  that  our 
pickets  did  not  discover  it  until  morning,  when  our  troops 
marched  in  unopposed.  No  conflagration  or  wanton  de- 
struction of  property  marked  the  flight  of  the  rebels  from 
here. 

Mr.  Davis,  with  the  rebel  government,  had  fled  to  Dan- 
ville, near  the  northern  confines  of  central  North  Carolina, 
and  thither  Lee  hoped  to  follow  him  with  his  army,  and  to 
effect  a  junction  with  Johnson,  who  was  at  Smithfield,  at  the 
head  of  40,000  men.  With  the  forces  united,  if  found  too 
weak  to  protract  the  struggle,  he  would  be  strong  enough 
to  command  favorable  terms.  But  Griffin  lay  with  the  Fifth 
Corps  ten  miles  west  of  Petersburg  at  Sutherland's  station, 
and  Sheridan  with  his  cavalry,  ten  miles  further  west,  at 
Ford's  station,  and  the  residue  of  Grant's  army  lay  to  the 
southwest  of  Petersburg,  and  he  was  forced  to  move  west, 
north  of  the  Appomattox.  His  army  now,  from  its  heavy 
losses,  mainly  in  prisoners  and  hordes  of  deserters,  was 
reduced  to  35,000  men — brave  and  true.  With  these  he 
retreated  to  Chesterfield  Court  House,  and  thence  to  Ame- 
lia Court  House.  Here  he  expected  to  meet  supplies  which 
he  had  ordered  from  Richmond,  but  the  terror-stricken  offi- 
cials had  seized  his  trains  to  accelerate  their  flight,  and  he 
was  forced  to  spend  the  4th  and  5th  in  trying  to  gather  from 
the  neighborhood  the  means  of  feeding  his  men. 

Relentless  Sheridan,  with  his  troopers,  in  the  meantime 
had  moved  rapidly  westward  by  roads  south  of  Amelia  Court 
House,  and  had  struck  the  Danville  railroad  at  Jetersville, 
5 


50  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

eight  miles  west  of  Lee,  while  his  advance  had  swept  down 
the  road  nearly  to  Berkesville,  scattering  such  portions  of 
the  rebel  cavalry  as  they  met  fleeing  westward. 

Grant  and  Meade  had  pushed  on  with  the  infantry  after 
Sheridan.  The  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  moved 
with  the  Fifth  Corps  at  daylight  on  the  third,  and  all  day 
long  they  toiled  through  the  mud,  coming  in  at  Deep  Creek 
too  late  to  participate  with  the  rest  of  the  corps  in  driving 
the  enemy's  infantry  from  their  position.  The  next  day, 
the  4th,  at  daylight,  they  moved  again  and  joined  Sheri- 
dan at  Jetersville,  where  he  had  planted  himself  across  the 
railroad,  and  where  they  threw  up  intrenchments  and  pre- 
pared to  fight  Lee's  entire  army  until  Grant  and  Meade 
arrived  in  his  rear  and  crushed  him.  This  destroyed  all 
Lee's  hope  of  receiving  the  supplies  that  were  collected  at 
Danville  and  Lynchburg  to  send  to  him. 

Meade,  with  Humphreys'  and  Wright's  corps,  arrived  late 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  5th,  and  at  dark  that  night  Lee  left 
Amelia  Court  House,  and  moved  around  the  left  of  Meade 
and  Sheridan  and  struck  Farmville  to  escape,  if  possible. 
But  General  Davis  struck  his  train  at  Paine's  cross-roads 
moving  in  retreat  in  advance  of  the  infantry,  and  destroyed 
two  hundred  wagons,  captured  five  guns,  nine  hundred 
mules*  and  many  prisoners.  Gregg's  and  Smith's  brigades 
came  up  and  a  spirited  fight  ensued,  and  Davis,  with  his  cap- 
tures, safely  withdrew.  By  the  6th,  nearly  the  whole  of 
our  army  was  concentrated  at  Jetersville,  and  started  in  hot 
pursuit  of  Lee. 

General  Crook,  holding  Sheridan's  left,  (our  army  on  this 
march  faced  eastward,  moving  left  in  front,)  came  upon  Lee 
moving  westward,  and,  by  order,  immediately  attacked, 
though  much  inferior  in  force,  his  object  being  to  detain 
him.  Custer  thus  gained  the  crossing  at  Sailor's  creek. 
EwelPs  corps  was  thus  cut  off*,  and  was  attacked  by  Sey- 
mour's division  of  the  Sixth  Corps,  and  so  hard-pressed  by 

*  Professor  Bates'  History  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Volume  V,  page  80. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  51 

the  fire  in  the  rear  and  charges  in  front  that  Ewell  and  four 
other  generals  and  nearly  6,000  prisoners  surrendered.  Six- 
teen guns  were  captured,  and  over  four  hundred  wagons 
destroyed. 

The  same  day,  General  Ord  struck  the  vanguard  of  Lee's 
column  as  it  was  preparing  to  cross  the  Appomattox,  near 
Farmville.  Fighting  against  overwhelming  numbers  to 
arrest  the  flight  for  a  time,  he  was  pushed  to  one  side,  and 
Lee  marched  on.  By  daylight,  on  the  7th,  the  rear  of 
his  army  had  crossed,  and  the  bridges  were  set  on  fire,  but 
Humphreys'  van  of  the  Second  Corps  arrived  in  time  to 
save  one  of  them,  and  capture  eighteen  abandoned  guns  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 


52  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 


CHAPTER  IX. 

LEE'S  HOPELESS  RETREAT  —  EXCITING  PURSUIT — CITIZENS  TERROR  STRICKEN 

—  LEE'S  OFFICERS — GRANT  ASKS  A  SURRENDER — GRANT'S  AND  LEE'S 
LETTERS  —  CAPTURE  OF  SUPPLIES — LEE'S  DELUSIVE  HOPE — FURTHER 
CORRESPONDENCE — SURPRISE  AND  DESPAIR  OF  THE  ENEMY — THE  LAST 
STRUGGLE — FLAG  OF  TRUCE  —  MEETING  OF  GRANT  AND  LEE — THE  ONE 
HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  LOSES  THE  LAST  MAN  IN  THE  WAR  — 
TERMS  OF  SURRENDER — WILD  REJOICING  —  THE  ARMIES  FRATERNIZE — 
THEY  SLEEP  TOGETHER  IN  THE  SAME  VALLEY  —  A  DAY  OF  FRIENDLY 
VISITS — IMPRESSIVE  SCENE  OF  SURRENDER — THE  PARTING  OF  LEE  AND 
His  MEN — THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH  FACES  HOMEWARD 

—  LINCOLN  THE  LAST  SACRIFICE  OF  THE  NATION — SOLEMN  SERVICE  IN 
CAMP — PASSING  THROUGH  PETERSBURG  AND  RICHMOND — REVIEWED  BY 
GRANT  AND  MEADE — To  FREDERICKSBURG — To  ARLINGTON — MUSTERED 
OUT — ARRIVAL  AT  HOME — THEIR  RECEPTION — PAID  OFF. 

LEE'S  ARMY  now  was  in  a  sad  condition.  Moving  by 
forced  marches  that  sometimes  extended  far  into  the 
night,  with  his  men  fainting  and  falling  by  the  way,  and  his 
animals  dying  of  hunger,  his  cavalry  useless  and  his  guns 
stalded  in  the  mud,  with  utter  despair  and  hopeless  desper- 
ation his  brave  men  struggled  on.  Pursued  by  an  active 
and  exulting  foe,  headed  off,  attacked  in  rear  and  flank,  there 
was  no  rest  for  them  day  or  night.  Wherever  met  they 
were  assaulted  with  relentless  fury,  but  the  moment  a  token 
of  surrender  was  seen,  they  were  treated  as  friends,  our  men 
invariably  dividing  the  contents  of  their  haversacks  with  the 
prisoners. 

On  the  6th,  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth,  with  the 
Fifth  Corps,  moved  northward  to  near  the  mouth  of  Horse- 
pen,  a  tributary  of  Flat  creek,  when,  turning  westward,  they 
passed  through  Paineville,  Kodolphil  and  Ligontown,  whence, 
turning  south,  they  rejoined  the  Second  Corps,  near  James- 
town, marching  thirty-two  miles.  It  was  a  warm  day,  and 
the  sun  shone  brightly,  but  they  clambered  up  steep  heights 
and  down  deep  ravines,  over  marshes,  and  through  almost 
impassable  briar-swamps,  full  of  hope  and  enthusiasm. 
Sometimes  they  would  plunge  into  the  water  and  ford  deep 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  53 

streams,  and  at  others  they  would  double-quick  along  the 
roads,  enveloped  in  clouds  of  dust.  But  onward  they  pressed, 
guided  by  the  thunder  of  Sheridan's  relentless  guns.  "  Your 
legs  must  do  it,  boys,"  was  the  constant  cry  of  the  officers, 
and  their  legs  certainly  performed  their  duty.  Skirmishers 
were  always  kept  on  the  front  and  flanks. 

On  the  first  day  of  the  pursuit  an  occasional  dead  man  or 
an  empty  haversack  only  marked  the  track  of  the  enemy's 
flight.  But  anon  these  multiplied,  intermixed  with  broken- 
down  wagons,  abandoned  guns,  used-up  horses,  and  the  gen- 
eral debris  of  a  fleeing  enemy.  Nor  was  the  flight  confined  to 
the  army.  The  inhabitants,  generally,  had  been  led  to  be- 
lieve our  war  was  waged  against  the  unarmed  and  helpless 
as  well  as  the  hosts  of  Davis  and  Lee.  Men,  women  and 
children,  with  their  goods  and  chattels  packed  in  queer 
country  carts  and  strange-looking  vehicles,  were  met  fleeing 
in  every  direction,  as  if  the  scourge  of  God  was  upon  them. 
Wild  with  fright,  some  begged  for  mercy,  and  some  dark-com- 
plexioned white  men  even  claimed  to  be  colored.  Amidst 
so  much  distress  it  was  a  relief  to  see  the  cheerful,  hopeful, 
trusting  faces  of  the  slaves,  who  felt  that  the  day  of  deliv- 
erence  from  bondage,  for  which  they  had  for  generations  in 
secret  prayed,  had  come  at  last. 

During  the  night  of  the  6th,  the  chief  officers  of  Lee's 
army  held  an  open  air  consultation,  in  which  they  unani- 
mously agreed  that  a  capitulation  was  inevitable.  The 
judgment  of  this  informal  council  was  conveyed  to  Lee  by 
General  Pendleton.  But  Grant  spared  General  Lee  the  pain'of 
first  proposing  a  surrender  by  dispatching  a  letter  to  him  from 
Parmville  the  next  day,  stating  the  hopelessness  of  his  fur- 
ther resistance,  and  asking  the  surrender  of  his  army  that 
there  might  be  no  further  useless  effusion  of  blood.* 

*  "  APRIL  7TH,  Ihfio. 

"  General— The  result  of  the  last  week  must  convince  you  of  the  hopelessness  of  further 
resistance  on  the  part  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  in  this  struggle.  1  feel  that  it  is  so, 
and  regard  it  as  my  duty  to  shift  from  myself  the  responsibility  of  any  further  effusion  of  blood 
by  asking  of  you  the  surrender  of  that  portion  of  the  Confederate  States'  army  known  as  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

"  GENERAL  R.  E.  LEE.  U.  S.  GRANT,  Lieutenant-General." 


54  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

The  letter  reached  Lee  towards  night.*  General  Hum- 
phreys also  came  up  with  Lee's  army,  entrenched  in  a  strong 
position  about  five  miles  north  of  Farmville,  on  the  Lynch- 
burg  plank-road.  Humphreys  recognized  the  importance 
of  pressing  him  hard  until  forced  into  surrender,  but  believ- 
ing that  would  soon  be  accomplished,  he  was  charry  of  the 
lives  of  his  soldiers.  He  therefore  did  not  order  a  direct 
assault,  but,  sending  up  General  Barlow  to  annoy  his  front, 
ordered  Miles  to  attack  his  left  wing,  which  he  did  with  a 
loss  of  some  five  hundred  killed  and  wounded.  General 
Smyth  was  among  our  killed,  and  Major-General  Mott,f 
Brigadier-Generals  Madill  and  M'Dougall,  were  severely 
wounded.  Darkness  prevented  another  assault  that  day, 
and  Lee  silently  withdrew  and  resumed  his  retreat.  That 
night  he  sent  a  response  J  to  Grant,  stating  he  did  not  see  the 
hopelessness  of  further  resistance,  but  asking  what  terms  he 
would  offer  on  condition  of  surrender. 

To  this,  Grant  immediately  replied  ||  that  the  men  and 
officers  surrendered  shall  be  disqualified  for  taking  up  arms 

*  That  morning  Sheridan  moved  with  the  greater  portion  of  his  cavalry  to  Prince  Edward 
Court  House,  to  head  off  Lee's  retreat  to  Danville,  but  Lee's  real  object-point  was  Lynchburg, 
which  Sheridan  that  day  discovered.  General  Crook,  the  same  day,  near  Farmville,  charged  a 
body  of  infantry  guarding  a'wagon  train,  and  was  repulsed,  General  Gregg  being  taken  prisoner. 

•(•Major-General  Gersham  Mott,  of  Bordentown,  N.  J. 

I"  APRIL  TTH,  1805. 

"  General — I  have  received  your  note  of  this  date.  Though  not  entertaining  the  opinion 
you  express  on  the  hopelessness  of  further  resistance  on  the  part  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia, I  reciprocate  your  desire  to  avoid  useless  effusion  of  blood,  and  therefore,  before  consider- 
ing your  proposition,  ask  the  terms  you  will  offer  on  condition  of  its  surrender. 

"R.  E.  LEE,  General. 
"  LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  U.  S.  GRANT." 

||  "  APRIL  STH,  1865. 

"  General — Your  note  of  last  evening,  in  reply  to  mine  of  same  date,  asking  the  condition  on 
which  I  will  accept  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  is  just  received.  In  reply, 
I  would  say  that,  peace  being  my  great  desire,  there  is  but  one  condition  I  would  insist  upon, 
namely  :  that  the  men  and  officers  surrendered  shall  be  disqualified  for  taking  up  arms  again 
against  the  Government  of  the  United  States  until  properly  exchanged.  I  will  meet  you,  or  will 
designate  officers  to  meet  any  officers  you  may  name  for  the  same  purpose,  at  any  point  agreeable 
to  you,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging  definitely  the  terms  upon  which  the  surrender  of  the  Army 

of  Northern  Virginia  will  be  received. 

'"U.  S.  GRANT,  Lieutenant-General. 
"  GENERAL  R.  E.  LEE." 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  55 

again  against  the  Government  of  the  United  States  until 
properly  exchanged. 

The  next  morning,  the  8th,  the  last  day  of  the  pursuit, 
the  whole  army  moved  at  daybreak.  Meade,  with  Hum- 
phreys' and  Wright's  corps,  pushed  northward  on  the  trail 
of  Lee,  while  Sheridan,  followed  by  Griffin's  and  Ord's  corps, 
marched  to  head  him  off  from  Lynchburg.  The  cavalry 
concentrated  at  Prospect  station,  ten  miles  west  of  Farm- 
ville.  Here  Sheridan  learned  from  scouts  that  four  trains 
had  arrived  at  Appomattox  station  with  supplies  from  Lynch- 
burg for  Lee's  army.  He  immediately  dispatched  Generals 
Merritt's  and  Crook's  divisions  of  cavalry  to  that  point, 
which  they  reached  after  a  rapid  march  of  twenty-eight 
miles,  and  succeeded  in  surrounding  and  capturing  them. 
Generals  Ouster's  and  Devin's  brigades  at  once  advanced 
towards  Appomattox  Court  House,  five  miles  to  the  north, 
and  encountered,  on  the  way,  the  van  of  Lee's  army,  which 
they  engaged  till  after  dark,  driving  it  back  on  the  main 
body,  capturing  twenty -four  guns,  a  large  number  of  wagons, 
and  many  prisoners.  Sheridan  arrived  with  the  rest  of  his 
cavalry  during  the  night. 

The  Fifth  Corps,  under  Griffin  and  Ord,  with  the  Twenty- 
fourth  and  a  division  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  pressed  on  all 
day  and  night,  and  joined  Sheridan  in  time  to  lie  down  in 
line  of  battle  and  take  a  few  moments'  sleep  with  their  cart- 
ridge boxes  on  and  muskets  in  their  hands.  Incredible  as 
it  may  seem,  such  was  the  high  state  of  excitement  under 
which  the  men  were,  coupled  with  the  firm  belief  if  they 
could  capture  or  destroy  Lee's  army  the  war  would  virtu- 
ally be  closed,  that  these  corps,  after  an  extraordinary  hard 
march,  came  in  in  high  spirits,  with  hardly  a  straggler  in  the 
rear. 

Lee,  evidently  supposing  his  road  was  blocked  by  cavalry 
alone,  whom  he  could  push  aside  with  his  infantry,  and  not 
fully  realizing  his  true  position,  that  night  addressed  a  note 


56  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

to  Grant,*  declining  to  meet  him  with  a  view  to  surrender 
his  army,  but  expressed  a  willingness,  as  far  as  his  proposal 
might  effect  his  army  and  tend  to  the  restoration  of  peace, 
to  meet  him  the  next  morning,  at  ten  o'clock.  Grant,  early 
the  next  morning,  replied  he  had  no  authority  to  treat  on  the 
subject  of  peace,  and  declined  to  meet  him,  as  it  could  lead 
to  no  good.  He  also  stated  the  terms  upon  which  peace 
could  be  had  were  well  understood,  and  expressed  a  hope 
that  no  more  lives  would  be  lost.f 

Grant,  and  Meade  started  early  the  next  morning  to  join 
Sheridan  and  Griffin.  The  Fifth,  on  this  memorable  Sun- 
day morning,  the  9th  of  April,  after  snatching  an  hour's 
sleep,  were  up  and  off  at  the  first  dawn,  and  marching  about 
two  miles  towards  the  court  house,  halted  to  take  breakfast- 
But  a  few  moments  was  spared  for  this,  when,  moving  on, 
they  came  up  with  Sheridan's  dismounted  troopers,  who 
were  slowly  falling  back  before  the  enemy's  skirmishers, 
behind  which  came  the  heavy  infantry  columns,  bent  upon 
forcing  their  way  through  the  cavalry  to  reach  their  sup- 
plies. It  was  the  last  charge  of  the  brave  Army  of  North- 
ern Virginia.  When  our  infantry  was  formed,  the  troopers 
double-quicked  to  the  right,  and  revealed  to  the  astonished 

*  "APRIL  STH,  I860. 

"  General — I  received,  at  a  late  hour,  your  note  of  to-day.  In  mine  of  yesterday  I  did  not 
intend  to  propose  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  but  to  ask  the  terms  of  your 
proposition.  To  be  frank,  I  do  not  think  the  emergency  has  arisen  to  call  for  the  surrender  of 
this  army  ;  but,  as  the  restoration  of  peace  should  be  the  sole  object  of  all,  I  desired  to  know 
whether  your  proposals  would  lead  to  that  end.  I  cannot,  therefore,  meet  you  with  a  view  to 
surrender  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  ;  but,  as  far  as  your  proposal  may  effect  the  Confeder- 
ate States'  forces  under  my  command,  and  tend  to  the  restoration  of  peace,  I  should  be  pleased 
to  meet  you  at  10  A.  M.  to-morrow,  on  the  old  stage-road  to  Richmond,  between  the  picket 
lines  of  the  two  armies. 

"  LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  U.  S.  GRANT.  R.  E.  LEE,  General." 

i  t"ApKH-  9T»>  1805. 

"  General — Your  note  of  yesterday  is  received.  I  have  no  authority  to  treat  on  the  subject 
of  peace.  The  meeting  proposed  for  10  A.  M.  to-day  could  lead  to  no  good.  I  will  state,  how- 
ever, General,  that  I  am  equally  anxious  for  peace  with  yourself,  and  the  whole  North  enter- 
tains the  same  feeling.  The  terms  upon  which  peace  can  be  had  are  well  understood.  By  the 
South  laying  down  their  arms,  they  will  hasten  that  most  desirable  event,  save  thousands  of 
human  lives  and  hundreds  of  millions  of  property  not  yet  destroyed.  Seriously  hoping  that  all 
our  difficulties  may  be  settled  without  the  loss  of  another  life,  I  subscribe  myself,  etc., 

"GENERAL  R.  E.  LEE\  U.  S.  GRANT,  Lieutenant-General." 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  57 

enemy  our  solid  lines  in  battle  array,  before  wbose  wall  of 
gleaming  bayonets  they  recoiled  in  blank  despair. 

Our  cavalry  remounted,  and,  moving  around  to  the  right, 
prepare  to  charge.  The  enemy  sullenly  retire  upon  their 
batteries  upon  the  crest,  and  all  fell  back  beyond.  General 
Ord  ordered  our  troops  to  halt,  but  they  preferred  to  obey 
Sheridan's  orders,  and  push  on  to  the  crest,*  when  a  sight 
burst  upon  their  vision  that  repaid  all  their  long  years  of 
toil  and  blood — Lee's  army  prostrated.  Immediately  in 
their  front  lay  a  broad,  undulating  valley,  stretching  far 
away  to  the  west,  with  the  narrow  Appomattox  meandering 
through  its  centre,  and  enclosed  on  every  side  by  a  belt  of 
heavy  timber.  Near  the  centre  lay  the  Court  House,  in 
front  of  which  stretched  the  enemy's  long  line  of  skirm- 
ishers, and  beyond,  their  main  army  and  a  confused  multi- 
tude of  soldiers  and  citizens,  horses  and  mules,  carts  and 
wagons,  heading  in  every  direction.  Our  light  batteries 
were  brought  up,  the  cavalry  closed  in  upon  the  right,  and 
our  line  advanced  down  the  steep.  Their  skirmishers  fell 
back  fighting,  the  batteries  open,  the  Court  House  is  gained, 
and  fighting  commences  in  its  streets.  Soon  a  flag  of  truce 
approaches  from  the  right,  and  General  Longstreet  requested 
a  cessation  of  the  conflict  until  Lee  could  be  heard  from. 
Sheridan  rode  to  the  Court  House,  and  met  General  Gordon, 
who  assured  him  that  negotiations  were  then  pending  be- 
tween Generals  Grant  and  Lee  for  a  surrender. 

Grant,  before  reaching  Sheridan,  received  a  note  from 
General  Lee,  asking  an  interview  ttith  a  view  of  surrender- 
ing.! The  two  commanders  met  immediately,  at  the  man- 
sion of  Mr.  W.  M'Lean,  near  the  Court  House.  The  inter- 

*Major-General  Chamberlain. 

t" APRIL  OTH,  1865. 

"  General— I  received  your  note  of  this  morning  on  the  picket  line,  whither  I  had  come  to 
meet  you  and  ascertain  definitely  what  terms  were  embraced  in  your  proposal  of  yesterday, 
with  reference  to  the  surrender  of  this  army.  I  now  ask  an  interview,  in  accordance  with  the 

offer  contained  in  your  letter  of  yesterday,  for  that  purpose. 

"  R.  E.  LEE,  General. 
"LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  U.  S.  GRANT." 


58  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

view  was  brief;  the  business  Irankly  discussed,  and  soon 
settled.  While  the  chiefs  were  in  consultation,  six  or  seven 
generals,  from  both  sides,  met  between  the  skirmish-lines, 
and  talked  the  matter  over  in  the  most  friendly  manner. 
While  there,  firing  on  the  road  was  heard.  General  Gordon 
was  much  vexed,  and  stated  he  had  ordered  a  cessation  of 
the  fight;  but  Sheridan,  who  was  not  clearly  satisfied  with 
the  whole  arrangement,  exclaimed,  "  Let  them  fight;  I  know 
what  they  are  about."  A  single  field-piece  fires  a  last  shot, 
and  a  gallant  lieutenant  of  the  First  Brigade  falls  the  last 
victim  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Private  Hiram  Wil- 
liams, of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth,  at  the  same 
time  receives  a  ghastly  wound.  Soon  Grant  and  Lee  rode 
up ;  Grant,  with  his  inevitable  sugar-loaf  hat,  open  coat,  and 
muddy  boots.  Lee  looked  venerable  and  impressive,  dressed 
in  a  new  suit  of  grey,  with  a  new  sword  by  his  side.  One  of 
our  bands,  near  by,  through  the  generous  impulse  of  the 
moment,  struck  up.  the  appropriate  air  of  "  Auld  Lang 
Syne."  Three  officers  were  appointed  on  either  side  to  ar- 
range the  details,  but  the  day's  work  was  done  by  the  chiefs, 
and  its  result  summed  up  in  these  concluding  letters : 

"  APPOMATTOX  COURT  HOUSE,  VA.,  \ 
April  9th,  1865.      f 

"  General — In  accordance  with  the  substance  of  my  letter  to  you  of  the 
8th  instant,  I  propose  to  receive  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  on  the  following  terms,  to  wit :  Rolls  of  all  the  officers  and  men 
to  be  made  in  duplicate  ;  one  copy  to  be  given  to  an  officer  to  be  desig- 
nated by  me,  the  other  to  be  retained  by  such  officer  or  officers  as  you 
may  designate.  The  officers  to  give  their  individual  paroles  not  to  take 
up  arms  against  the  Government  of  the  United  States  until  properly 
exchanged,  and  each  company  or  regimental  commander  sign  a  like 
parole  for  the  men  of  their  commands.  The  arms,  artillery  and  public 
property  to  be  packed  and  stacked,  and  turned  over  to  the  officers  ap- 
pointed by  me  to  receive  them.  This  will  not  embrace  the  side-arms  of 
the  officers,  nor  their  private  horses  or  baggage.  This  done,  each  officer 
and  man  will  be  allowed  to  return  to  his  home,  not  to  be  disturbed  by 
United  States  authority  so  long  as  they  observe  their  paroles  and  the 
laws  in  force  where  they  may  reside. 

"  U.  S.  GRANT,  Lieutenant- General. 

"  GENERAL  E.  E.  LEE." 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  59 

"  HEADQUARTERS  AKMY  OF  NORTHERN  VIRGINIA,  \ 
April  9th,  1865.          J 

"  General — I  received  your  letter  of  this  date,  containing  the  terms  of 
the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  as  proposed  by  you. 
As  they  are  substantially  the  same  as  those  expressed  in  your  letter  of 
the  8th  instant,  they  are  accepted.  I  will  proceed  to  designate  the  proper 
officers  to  carry  the  stipulations  into  effect. 

"  R.  E.  LEE,  General. 
"  LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  LT.  S.  GRANT." 

When  the  news  of  the  surrender  became  known  to  the 
array,  the  enthusiasm  of  our  men  burst  all  bounds,  and 
arose  to  the  zenith  of  perfect  frenzy.  The  boys  screeched, 
yelled,  danced,  tossed  their  caps  in  the  air  and  rolled  upon 
the  ground.  Even  the  bands  that  attempted  to  play  our 
national  anthems  broke  into  discordant  medleys,  and  cut 
short  their  jumble  in  wild  shouts  and  frantic  waving  of  their 
instruments.  Oh,  what  happy  hearts  those  blue  coats  held 
— a  country  saved,  one  and  undivided  !  The  seed  sown  in 
sorrow  and  anguish  upon  so  many  fields  had  yielded  its 
golden  harvest — victory.  Our  comrades  who  had  fallen  had 
not  died  in  vain.  Glory  to  God  and  the  brave  hearts !  The 
uproar  of  exultation  was  kept  up  long  into  the  night,  when, 
exhausted  with  overjoy,  our  boys  sank  to  sleep. 

This  wild  uproar  was  not  confined  to  our  side ;  for  long 
after  our  boys  had  laid  down  to  sleep,  the  ex-rebels  kept  it 
up.  Some  said  they  were  cheering  General  Lee,  but  the 
truth  was,  they  welcomed  peace  as  much  as  we  did,  and  it 
was  long  after  midnight  before  their  noise  was  hushed. 
During  the  day  they  came  over  among  our  men,  who  divided 
the  contents  of  their  haversacks  with  them.  The  rations  for 
our  army  was  given  to  them  this  day,  and  many  of  our  men 
went  supperless  to  sleep. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  slept  peacefully  side  by  side  in  the  same  valley. 
The  mighty  hosts,  that  for  four  long  years  had  wrestled  in  a 
death-struggle  with  all  the  fiery  passions  of  demons,  now 
laid  down  together  without  anger  or  fear.  The  battalions 
that  had  reddened  the  fields  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland, 


60  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

and  drenched  the  soil  of  Virginia  with  their  generous  blood, 
had  now  ceased  to  bleed.  The  brave  men  in  blue  and  grey 
that  had  struggled  for  different  nationalities,  were  now  one 
of  a  common  country.  And  this  on  tfaat  Palm  Sunday 
night  of  April,  1865. 

The  next  morning  the  two  armies  were  up  bright  and 
early,  and  while  the  officers  were  preparing  the  paroles,  the 
greys  thronged  our  camp,  busy  at  trafficking  for  tobacco, 
pipes,  knives,  hats,  shoes,  etc.  All  really  appeared  to  be  the 
best  friends  in  the  world,  and  talked  over  their  different 
battles  with  great  interest. 

The  next  day,  the  llth,  the  formal  surrender  took  place. 
The  terms  were  mild,  and  the  forms  as  little  humiliating  as 
possible.  Their  officers  tried  hard  to  get  off  with  stacking 
their  arms  in  their  own  camp,  and  leaving  our  men  to  go 
after  them.  But  that  was  not  consistent  with  our  dignity; 
so  it  was  arranged  that  their  troops  should  march  out  and 
lay  down  their  arms  and  colors  in  the  presence  of  some  por- 
tion of  our  army.  The  lot  fell  to  the  Fifth  Corps  and 
M'Kenzie's  cavalry,  who  were  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle, 
General  Chamberlain  being  designated  to  preside  at  the 
surrender.  Soon  the  greys  were  seen  slowly  forming  for 
the  last  time.  On  they  came,  with  careless  step,  their  ranks 
thick  with  banners.  As  they  approached,  our  line  shouldered 
arms,  and  a  perfect  silence  was  preserved  on  our  side.  They 
moved  slowly  along  our  front,  faced  inwards  towards  us, 
dressed  lines,  fixed  bayonets,  stacked  arms,  took  oft*  their 
cartridge  boxes  and  hung  them  on  the  bayonets,  and  then 
sadly,  painfully  furled  their  flags  and  laid  them  down,  some 
kneeling  and  kissing  them  with  tears  in  their  eyes.  It  was 
a  proud,  but  sad  scene,  and  our  men  felt  a  soldier's  sympathy 
for  their  brave  antagonists.  All  day  long  regiment  after 
regiment  stacked  their  arms,  and  then  marched  off'  to  the 
Provost  Marshal  to  give  their  parole  of  honor,  and  then  to 
draw  rations  and  leave  for  their  homes,  our  government,  to 
such  as  it  could,  furnishing  transportation. 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  61 

•  The  bearing  of  the  generals  and  higher  officers  was  that 
of  a  dignified,  sad  disappointment,  that  became  brave  sol- 
diers who  felt  they  had  performed  their  duty.  They  spoke 
freely  of  the  humiliation  they  felt,  of  the  generosity  of  the 
terms  granted  them,  and  of  the  magnanimity  of  the  bear- 
ing and  manner  of  our  men.  General  Henry  A.  Wise, 
however,  was  an  exception.  He,  poor  old  man,  had  grown 
no  wiser  with  age,  and  could  not  reconcile  himself  to  the 
situation.  Disappointed  and  embittered  at  the  failure  of 
his  political  life,  as  he  sat  on  his  horse,  with  his  grey  hair 
and  beard,  and  tobacco  juice  trinkling  from  his  mouth,  he 
resembled  a  withered  old  crab-apple  tree.  To  General 
Chamberlain,  who  spoke  kindly  to  him  of  the  good-will 
that  would  soon  be  restored  between  the  two  sections,  he 
replied,  "  You  are  mistaken,  sir;  we  won't  be  forgiven;  we 
hate  you,  and  that  is  the  whole  of  it.  You  go  home,  and 
take  those  fellows  home,  and  that  will  end  the  war." 

The  parting  of  General  Lee  with  his  devoted  followers 
was  a  sad  one.  As  he  sat  upon  his  horse,  and  they  crowded 
around  him,  with  tears  in  his  eyes  he  grasped  and  pressed 
their  outstretched  hands,  until  at  last  he  was  able  to  say, 
"  My  men,  we  have  fought  through  the  war  *  together.  I 
have  done  the  best  that  I  could  for  you."  Then,  uncover- 
ing his  head,  he  rode  slowly  away.  There  was  few  dry 
eyes  among  those  who  stood  around. 

About  noon,  on  Saturday  the  15th,  the  paroling  of  the 
prisoners  being  through  with,  and  possession  taken  of  the 
arms,  flags,  etc.,  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  turned 
faces  homeward,  and  marching  through  a  light  rain  and 
deep  mud  eight  miles,  encamped  for  the  night.  The  next 
morning  they  started  early,  and  soon  struck  the  Petersburg 
and  Lynchburg  railroad,  along  which  they  proceeded  to 
Farmville,  where  they  arrived  about  one  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon, and  encamped  in  a  beautiful  grove  about  a  half-mile 
west  of  the  town.  HeVe  they  received  intelligence  of  the 

*  Lee  evidently  considered  his  surrender  the  virtual  close  of  the  war. 


62  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-EIGHTH 

assassination  of  the  President,  that  filled  their  loyal  hearts 
with  sorrow.  That  inflexible,  steadfast  chief  in  war,  whose 
heart  had  turned  in  love  and  kindness  upon  the  prostrated 
South,  perhaps  was  well  fitted  as  the  Nation's  last  sacrifice 
of  the  war. 

On  the  17th  they  marched  on,  and  when  near  Berksville, 
wheeled  to  the  right  and  moved  to  near  Green  Bay,  where 
they  encamped  in  a  strip  of  woods.  On  the  19th,  as  they 
were  about  moving,  orders  came  for  them  to  remain  in 
camp,  it  being  the  day  of  the  interment  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 
All  work  was  suspended,  and  at  the  time  fixed  for  the  move- 
ment of  the  funeral  cortege,  the  regiments  were  drawn  up 
in  their  camps,  the  brigade  bands  performed  solemn  dirges, 
and  minute  guns  were  fired.  At  seven,  the  next  morning, 
they  moved  off",  passing  through  Berksville  and  halting  in 
the  middle  of  the  afternoon  near  Nottoway  Court  House 
to  encamp.  On  the  22d,  after  short  marches,  they  reached 
Wilson's  station,  where  they  remained  guarding  the  railroad 
until  the  2d  of  May,  when,  breaking  camp,  they  marched  to 
within  five  miles  of  Petersburg.  The  next  day  they  passed 
through  that  city,  and  about  two  o'clock  faced  for  Richmond, 
reaching  the  environs  of  Manchester,  on  the  south  banks  of 
the  James,  on  the  4th.  Here  they  encamped  in  a  large 
grove  of  timber  near  the  railroad,  and  remained  until  the 
6th,  when,  moving  through  the  city,  they  crossed  the  James 
on  pontoons,  and  entered  the  once  proud  and  defiant  Capital 
of  the  late  Confederate  States  Government. 

As  the  long  column  passed  through  the  principal  street  of 
the  city,  it  was  reviewed  by  Generals  Grant  and  Meade.  The 
men  looked  with  interest  on  Castle  Thunder  and  Libby  Pri- 
son, the  horrors  of  which,  in  connection  with  Andersonville 
and  other  prison  pens,  will  for  generations  connect  the 
names  of  the  civil  chiefs  of  the  Confederacy  with  infamy. 
Leaving  Richmond,  they  move  northward,  marching  through 
Fredricksburg  on  the  9th  of  May,  and  reaching  Arlington 
Heights  on  the  afternoon  of  the  12th.  This  march,  from  the 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS.  63 

James  to  the  Potomac,  a  distance  of  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  miles,  was  made  with  great  rapidity,  and  averaged,  for 
seven  consecutive  days,  twenty-one  miles. 

At  Arlington,  the  residence  of  General  Lee  prior  to  the  war, 
was  -collected  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
Here  that  grand  army  may  have  said  to  have  crumbled  to 
pieces,  for,  after  the  Grand  Review  in  Washington,  the  regi- 
ments were  mustered  out,  one  after  another,  and  sent  to 
their  homes  in  the  north.  On  the  3d  of  June,  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  Ninety-eighth  was  mustered  out  of  service,  and 
on  the  morning  of  the  5th  they  broke  camp,  and  marching 
through  Washington,  embarked  upon  the  cars  for  home, 
reaching  Philadelphia  at  nine  o'clock  the  next  morning. 
Disembarking,  they  formed  and  marched  to  the  Union  Refresh- 
ment Saloon,  where  a  sumptuous  dinner  was  prepared  for 
them  by  the  good  citizens  of  Philadelphia,  after  partaking  of 
which,  they  marched  through  the  city  to  Camp  Cadwallader. 
Everywhere  in  the  city  they  were  received  with  demonstra- 
tions of  joy  by  the  citizens,  their  friends  and  relatives,  flags 
being  displayed  on  many  points  of  the  route,  and  hearty 
cheers  of  welcome  given.  On  the  12th  of  June,  1865,  the 
One  Hundred  and  Ninety-eighth  was  paid  off,  and  the  men 
discharged. 

For  the  brief  period  of  time  they  served  there  were  few 
regiments  that  saw  more  hard  service  and  severe  fighting 
than  it  did,  and  their  flag  was  unsullied  by  their  breaking 
in  the  presence  of  the  enemy. 


H 


H 


APPENDIX  A. 


KILLED,  WOUNDED  AND  MISSING. 


RANK. 

NAME. 

CO. 

RANK. 

NAME. 

CO. 

Private  

Corporal  ... 
Private  

a 
it 

tt 

U 

1st  Lieut... 

Private  

a 

General.... 
Captain.... 
Corporal  ... 

Private  

Captain.... 
1st  Lieut.. 
1st  Serg't.. 
Sergeant  ... 
Private  

Peeble's  Farm. 

Killed. 

D. 

G. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
K. 

L. 
F. 
L. 

0. 
A. 
B. 
A. 
B. 
K. 
K. 
L. 
M. 
M. 
X. 

D. 
I. 
D. 
I. 
A. 

Private  

a 
tt 
U 

a 
tt 

1st  Serg't.. 
Sergeant... 

Corporal  ... 

11 

a 

Private  

a 

u 
n 
a 
n 
it 

it 
tt 
tt 
it 
it 

it 
t 
i 

t 
t 

Killed. 
Harry  L.  Flack  

A. 
D. 
D. 
F. 
I. 
N. 

G. 
L. 
D. 
I. 
L. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
G. 
H. 
H. 
I. 
I. 
K. 
L. 
L. 
L. 
L. 
N. 

John  H.Hartman  

Wounded. 

Mahlon  H.  Schmehl  
John  Kagarice  

Noah  H.  Shearer  

Simon  H.  Fremder  

John  H  Hoffman  

Wounded. 

Samuel  K.  Kleaver  

William  H.  Walters  
Jeff.  W.  Wetherill  

Joshua  Sutton  

Hatcher's  Run. 
Killed. 
Charles  W  Frazier  

Benj.  Schaudt  

John  W.  Hill  

Charles  Hunt  

Edwin  A  Kratz 

Daniel  T  Stineman  

Anthony  M'Glinchy  
HughBordell  

Jos.  W.  Cavenwood  
Wounded. 
H  G.  Sickel  

Archibald  M'Neill  

James  Pierson  

J  H  Withington  

Daniel  C.  Uffelman  

John  Wolf  

Robert  Fulton  

William  H.  Xevill  
Martin  Rawle  

Simon  Hill  

Franklin  C.  Wentzell... 

Le  vi  Booth  

Washington  Hickson... 
Michael  Burns  

Augustus  Keiflin  

William  G.  Carr  

George  Miller  . 

Peter  Bernhard  

Kdmund  Tubbs 

White  Oak  Road. 
Killed. 

Sheridan  Fabian  

Josiah  Shuman  

Howard  Cooper  

Win.  Cavanaugh  

Andrew  A.  Pomeroy.... 
Jj£\vis  Keshner  

Thomas  S.  Folwell  
Francis  Kilpafrick  
Alfred  Remmel  

John  L.  Brewer  

Patrick  Brown  

68 


APPENDIX  A. 


RANK. 

NAME. 

CO. 

BANK. 

NAME. 

CO. 

Private  

« 

ii 

K 
II 
II 
II 
II 

Major  
Captain.... 
Sergeant  ... 

Corporal  ... 

<( 

« 
(( 

Private  
« 

i 

< 

< 

< 
a 
i 

i 
i 

i 
i 

i 
< 
ii 

« 

« 

General  ... 

Captain.... 
« 

«« 
2d  Lieut.. 

Wounded. 
John  Ehrig  

N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
O. 
0. 
O. 
0. 

c. 

G. 
N. 

C. 
D. 
G. 
N. 
A. 

i' 

B. 

C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
G. 
G. 
H. 
H. 
I. 
I. 
K. 
L. 
L. 
L. 
M. 
M. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 

E. 
H. 

'  T, 

2d  Lieut... 

1st  Serg't.. 
ii 

Sergeant  ... 

ii 

ii 
ii 
ii 

Corporal  ... 

« 
« 
« 

:< 
« 
II 
<( 
« 
u 
II 
a 

Private  

u 

H 
<< 

u 

I 
t 
( 
1 
< 
( 
( 
1 
1 
1 
1 
( 
I 
( 
I 
( 
( 
( 
< 
1 
( 

U 
(I 

Wounded. 
William  A  Miller 

L. 
B. 
K. 
C. 
F. 
G. 
H. 
H. 
C. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
F. 
G. 
H. 
H. 
I. 
L. 
L. 
M. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
C. 
C. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
1  D. 
D. 
F. 
F. 

Reuben  Fritz  

Benj  T  Waite 

Jeremiah  Helick  

And.  J.  Rheinfeldt  

AVilliam  Johnson 

Thomas  Adams  

AVm  J  Jefferson 

Alfred  Gilberg  

Franklin  Kern 

Daniel  Hallisav  

Jas.  AV.  Pennington  

A.  Smith  ".  

Lewis'  Farm. 
Killed. 
Charles  I.  Maceuen  

John  Kennedy  

Charles  E.  Young  
Bodine  C.Peterson  

Robert  Fulton  

Wm.  L.  Patterson  

Henry  Smith 

Geo.  W.  Boyer  

John  Alay 

Edward  C.Thomas  

Robert  Hadden 

Aaron  Detweiler  

Augustus  Long  

Elias  P.  Bender  

Joseph  Smith 

Thos.  Matthews  

Samuel  D  Labar 

Henry  Martin  

Wm.  P.  Doinan  

Robert  M'Wade 

James  Clark  

Joseph  Engel  

John  M'Grann  

Geo.  C.  Strobel  

Matthias  Ault  

John  Crawford  

William  Hirst 

John  Claypoole  

David  Smith 

John  Donnelly  

Daniel  M.  Fine  

Charles  Wood  

\dam  Galey 

Thos.  M.  Brown  

Lewis  J  Rice 

Dennis  Cullen....  

Edward  W.  Harvey  
William  K  Grant 

Joseph  L  Coyle  

Dennis  Dugan  

William1  T  Homer 

John  Mitchell  

Frederick  ATince 

Wm.  H.  Robinson  

Francis  Diehl 

John  Schular  

Matthew  Russell 

Robert  P.  Stroud  

Abraham  Updike  

D.  C.  Wadsworth  

\Villiam  Bente 

Conrad  Wentzell  

\Villiam  Fonier 

Chas.  Backman  

James  A.Craig  

Wounded. 
H  G  Sickel  

Jacob  Rahnenzahn  
Herman  Selig  

Jacob  B.  Shmehl  

Thos.  C.  Spackman  
Benj.  F.  Gardner  

Jacob  C.  Snyder  

William  Scragg  

Samuel  Wrigley  

John  D.  Allstadt  

Jeremiah  C.  Keller  G. 

John  Custer  

APPENDIX  A. 


69 


RANK. 

NAME. 

CO. 

RANK. 

NAME. 

CO. 

Private  

K 
u 

u 

I 

I 

1 
I 

I 
I 

(1 
u 
« 

< 
< 

< 
i 
( 
i 
( 
1 
i 
t 

£ 
1 
I 
( 
I 

Troimcfed. 
Henrv  Dible  

F. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 

?• 

I. 
I. 
I. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
L. 
L. 
L. 
L. 
L. 

Private  

a 

u 
a 
l, 

it 
it 
tt 
it 
tt 
it 
tt 
it 

it 
tt 

Wounded. 
Samuel  O  Dietrich 

M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
O. 
O. 
O. 
0. 

E. 
G. 

D. 
K. 
A. 
E. 
F. 
H. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
K. 

Wm.  Alexander  

Michael  Hofaleck...    . 

Henry  Babb  

Geo.  H.  Johnson  

Lewis  Dry  

Daniel  X.  Kimble    .  ... 

John  Ely  

*  Thomas  M'Cauley  
Nelson  Bellis  

Frederick  Gintzley  

Morris  Kissenger  

William  Knoble  

Wellington  Miller  

Michael  Miller 

Henry  P.  Michael  

William  Martin  

Reuben  Reifsnyder  
Peter  Shunk  

Bishop  Search  

John  Trumbore  

Chas  B  Bechtel  

Jeremiah  Vo^ht  

Chas  W  Butterlv  

S.  S.  Guggenheim  

James  Dehr   

Robert  Stevenson  

John  Goldsmith  

Christian  Snyder  

Molton  F  Huth        

Pembroke  Scott  

Samuel  Letter  

Five  Forks. 

Killed. 

Jos  Marshall  

Edwin  Manbus  

Elias  Snyder  

Leroy  M.  Thomas  

Corporal  ... 
Private  

2d  Lieut... 
Sergeant  ... 
Corporal  ... 

Private  

a 

K 

it 
tt 
tt 
it 

Private  

Joseph  Thomas  

Chas  W  Vasbur0'  

Wounded. 
Joseph  H.  Lutz  

Allen  Haigh  

William  O.  Hillpot  
John  M.  Shearer  

Morgan  Shaffer  

George  A.  Harper  

Tnhri   P    Oillincr 

George  Latch  

Sanderson  Lazarus  

James  Morgan  

Jesse  W.  Paist  

TnVin   TTolt 

Robert  Wier      

Edward  T.  Mason  
Jeff.  M.  Wetherill  

Lee's  Surrender. 
Wounded. 
Hiram  Williams  

Anthony  Wetzel  

John  Irwin  

Oliver  Kuhn  
John  Murphy  

William  Riday  

Thos.  Roxberry  

*  Prisoner. 


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....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
....  Deserted,  Sept.  10,  1864. 
....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
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....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
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....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
....  Discharged  by  general  order,  June  17,  1865. 
....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  1865. 
....  Deserted,  Sept.  10,  1864. 
....  Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

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(107) 


COMPANY  I—  Continued. 

R.  REMARKS. 

II 

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....  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  4,  18(>5. 

ffice  of  the  State. 

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William  R.  Thatcher  
(Jcorjie  Janney  

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(108) 


....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Wounded  at  Lewis'  Farm,  Va.,  March  29,  1865.  Dis- 
charged by  general  order,  June  6,  1865. 
....  Wounded  at  Five  Forks,  Va.,  April  1,  1865.  Not  ac- 
counted for. 
....  Discharged  by  general  order,  June  9,  1865. 
....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Prisoner  from  March  29  to  April  5,  1865.  Discharged 
by  general  order,  June  21,  1865. 
....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Not  accounted  for. 
....  Died,  Jan.  27,  1865.  Buried  in  Poplar  Grove  National 
Cemetery,  Petersburg,  Va.,  Division  D,  Section  D, 
Grave  203. 

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....  Not  accounted  for. 

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Booth,  Levi  

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Costello,  Wm.  H  
Chambers,  David  
Crook,  John  B  

(109) 


R.  REMARKS. 

Not  accounted  for. 
Discharged  by  general  order,  June  26,  1865. 
Not  accounted  for. 
Not  accounted  for. 
Not  accounted  for. 
Wounded  at  Five  Forks,  Va.,  April  1,  1865.  Died 
June  16,  18(55.  Buried  in  National  Cemetery 
Arlington. 

charged  by  general  order,  June  2,  1865. 
,  accounted  for. 
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accounted  for. 
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Killed  at  Lewis'  Farm,  Va.,  March  29,  1865. 

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Arlington,  Va. 
Not  accounted  for. 
..  Not  accounted  for. 

Discharged  by  general  orders,  June  2,  1865. 
Not  accounted  for. 
Not  accounted  for. 
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Carson,  Edward  
Elliott,  Armstrong  
Friel,  James.... 

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Glombitxer,  John  
George,  Lcvis  W  
George,  Samuel  
Holt,  John  E  
Holt,  John  

Hart,  Alfred  T  
Hickson,  Henry  
Hickson,  Washington  

Harper,  Geo.  A  

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Jacoby,  John  11  
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Kraft,  Frederick  

(110) 


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REMARKS. 

...  Not  accounted  for. 
...  Not  accounted  for. 
...  Not  accounted  for. 
...  Wounded  at  Appomattax  Court  House,  Va.,  April  9, 
1865.  Not  accounted  for. 
...  Discharged  by  general  order,  May  21,  18(55. 
...  Wounded  at  Lewis'  Farm,  Va.,  March  29,  1865.  Dis- 
charged by  general  order,  June  2(5,  1865. 
.  .  .  Not  accounted  for. 
...  Wounded  at  Peeble's  Farm,  Va.,  Sept.  30,  1864;  and 
at  Five  Forks,  Va.,  April  1,  18(55.  Discharged  by 
general  order,  July  17,  1865. 
.  .  .  Not  accounted  for. 
...  Wounded  at  Lewis'  Farm,  Va.,  March  29,  18(55.  Not 
accounted  for. 
...  Not  accounted  for. 

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Henry  Wilkinson  
William  H.  Garrett  

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(113) 


COMPANY  L—  Continued. 

R.  REMARKS. 

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Cavannagh,  Wm  

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Foreman,  John  W  
Fcinour,  Charles  W  
Giddings,  George  W  
Grant,  William  K  

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Groskney,  John  
1  1  erman  ,  Jac<  >b  
Hammili,  William  
Hartlev,  Thomas  
Hickey,  Thomas  H  
Harder,  Lew  is  

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Conley,  William. 
Conrad,  Edward. 

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(114) 


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Jones,  Win.  A  
Jones,  Albert  
King,  Ed  ward  
Killpatrick,  Francis  

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(116) 


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INDEX. 


A. 

Amelia  Court  House,  49,  50. 

Amelia  Springs,  20. 

Appomattox  Court  House,  55,  57, 

58. 
Ayres,  Romeyn  B.,  General,  13, 19, 

30,39,40,41,45,46. 

B. 

Bartlett,  J.  J.,  General,  13,  18,  40, 

42,  43,  45,  46. 

Barlow,  Francis  C.,  General,  54. 
Battery  B,  U.  S.  Artillery,  36. 
Battery  IX,  34. 
Bates,  Professor,  35,  50. 
Battle  of  Boydton  Plank-Road,  18. 
Battle  of  Five  Forks,  44. 
Battle  of  Hatcher's  Run,  29. 
Battle  of  Lewis'  Farm,  or  Quaker 

Road,  36. 

Battle  of  Peeble's  Farm,  14. 
Battle  of  White  Oak  Ridge,  39. 
Beauregard,  P.  T.  G.,  General,  4,  6, 

28. 

Bellfield,  26. 
Benham,  General,  35. 
Birney,  David  Bell,  Major-General, 

10, 15. 

Boiseau,  Doctor,  43. 
Brooks,  J.  M.,  Mr.,  43. 
Bull  Run,  20. 
Buller,  Mrs.,  37,  47. 
Burham,  Brigadier-General,  16. 
Burnside,  Ambrose,  Major-General, 

8,  9,  10. 
Butler,  B.  F.,  Major-General,  4,  6, 

7,8,  15,  18. 


C. 

Camp  Cadwalader,  2,  63. 

Camp  Sickel,  14. 

Camp  Urmston,  17. 

Chamberlain,  Joshua  L.,  Major- 
General,  13,  29,  36,  37,  38,  39, 
40,41,45,46,60. 

Chappin,  Mr.,  27. 

Chancellorsville,  20,  27. 

Chantille,  20. 

Corps,  Second,  8,  9,  19,  24,  29,  35, 

38,  42,  47,  51,  52. 

Corps,  Fifth,  10, 19,  24,  25, 29, 31, 36, 

39,  40,  41,  46,  50,  55,  60. 
Corps,  Sixth,  8,  35,  47,  50. 
Corps,  Xinth,  15, 19,  27,  34,  35,  47. 
Corps,  Tenth,  6,  10,  15. 

Corps,  Thirteenth,  16. 
Corps,  Eighteenth,  6,  15, 16. 
Corps,  Twenty-fourth,  55. 
Crawford,  Samuel  Wylie,  General, 

10,  13,  19,  20,  30,  31,  39,  40,  43, 

45,  46. 

Crook,  George,  General,  44,  50. 
Curtin,  Andrew  Gregg,  Governor,  1. 
Custer,  George  A.,  General,. 42,  44, 

50. 

D. 

Dabney's  Mill,  19,  29,  30,  47. 

Davies,  Thomas  A.,  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 42. 

Davis,  Jefferson,  48,  49,  53. 

Devens,  Charles,  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 42,  44. 

Dinwiddie  Court  House,  29,  38,  42. 

Donovan,  General,  15. 


134 


INDEX. 


Dougherty,  Daniel,  Esq.,  2. 
Drainesville,  16. 

E. 

Eagan,  Thomas  W.,  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 20. 

Early,  Jubal  A.,  33. 
Ewell,  E.  S.,  General,  50,  51. 

F. 

Field,  Major-General,  16. 
Fort  Baldwin,  47. 
Fort  Cummings,  18. 
Fort  Gilmer,  15. 
Fort  Gregg,  47. 
Fort  Harrison,  16. 
Fort  Haskell,  34. 
Fort  Steadman,  34,  35,  47. 
Fort  Urmston,  15. 
Fort  Wadsworth,  27. 
Fourth  II.  S.  Artillery,  36. 
Frazier,  Lieutenant,  31. 
Fredericksburg,  27. 

G. 

Gardner,  Benjamin  F.,  Captain,  37. 

Gettysburg,  20. 

Gibbons,  John,  Major-General. 

Gibbs,  Brigadier-General,  42. 

Gillmore,  Quincy  Adams,  Major- 
General,  6,  7,  30. 

Genn,  Major,  3,  25,  36,  39,40,45,46. 

Gordon,  George  H.,  General,  34, 58. 

Grant,  -U.  S.,  General,  2,  4,  5,  6,  7, 
9,  15,  16,  18,  28,  33,  34,  35,  46, 
47,  50,  53,  54,  55,  58,  59,  62. 

Gregg,  David  M'M.,  Major-General, 
10,15,21,24,29,30,42,50. 

Gregg,  Brigadier-General,  Rebel,  16. 

Gregory,  Edgar  M.,  General,  13, 15, 
39,  40,  41. 

Griffin,  Charles,  General,  13,  29, 31, 
39,  40,  45,  46,  55. 

H. 

Hampton,  Wade,  General,  20,  21. 
Hancock,  Winfield  Scott,  General, 
7,8,9,10,11,19,20,21. 


Hardee,  General,  28. 

Hartranft,  John  Frederick,  Major- 
General,  24. 

Hays,  General,  42,  47. 

Heath,  General,  21. 

Hickford,  26. 

Hill,  A.  P.,  General,  7,  8,  20,  48. 

Humphreys,  Andrew  Atkinson, 
Major-General,  29,  31,  42,  47, 
50,  51,  54,  55. 

J- 

Jettersville,  49,  50. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  Yice-President, 

22. 

Johnson,  General,  41. 
Johnston,  Joseph  E.,  34. 
Jones,  Francis  B.,  Captain,  18. 

K. 

Kautz,  John  D.,  General,  6,  7,8, 16. 
Keller,  Jeremiah    C.,  Lieutenant, 

28. 
Knowles,  Oliver  Blachly. 

L. 

Ledlie,  James  H.,  General,  9,  10. 

Lee,  Fitz  Hugh,  General,  42. 

Lee,  Robert  E.,  General,  5,  7,  9,  16, 
20,  27,  28,  34,  35,  39,  41,  42;  43, 
46,  48,  50,  53,  54,  55,  58,  59,  60, 
63. 

Lee,  W.  H.,  General,  42. 

Lincoln,  President,  22. 

Longstreet,  James,  General,  39,  48. 

Lutz,  Joseph  H.,  Lieutenant,  46. 

M. 

Madill,  Brigadier-General,  54. 

Maceuen,  Charles  Izard,  Major,  37. 

Mahone,  General,  30. 

M'Allister,  Robert,  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 20,  30. 

M'Call,  George  Archibald,  Major- 
General,  16. 

M'Clellan,  George  B.,  Major-Gen- 
eral, 22. 


INDEX. 


135 


M'Dougall,   Brigadier-General,  54. 

M'Kenzie,  General,  44,  46,  60. 

M'Laughlin,  General,  34. 

M'Lean,  William  M.,  57. 

Meade,  George  Gordon,  Major-Gen- 
eral, 2,  3,  4,  8,  19,  20,  24,  33,  34, 
40,  50,  55,  62. 

Merritt,  Wesley,  General,  44,  45. 

Miles,  General,  42,  47,  54. 

Miller,  Charles,  Deserter,  17. 

Miller,  William  A.,  Lieutenant,  38. 

Mine  Explosion,  9. 

Mitchell,  Lieutenant,  36. 

Mott,  Gershom,  Major-General,  20, 
24,  30,  42,  47,  54. 

Mulfrey,  George  W,  Captain,  37. 

Murray,  John  B.,  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel, 14,  25,  28. 

N. 

National  Guards,  New  Jersey,  20. 
Kottoway  River,  25,  27. 

O. 

Ord,  Edward  O.  C.,  Major-General, 

15,  16,  35,  47,  51,  55. 
Orne,  John  H.,  Esq.,  2. 

P. 

Palm  Sunday,  60. 

Park,  John  G.,  Major-General,  19, 
35,  47,  48. 

Pearson,  Colonel,  36,  37,  40. 

Pegram,  General,  30. 

Pendleton,  General,  53. 

Pendleton,  George  H.,  Hon.,  22. 

Pennsylvania  Reserves,  16. 

Petersburg,  16. 

Pierce,  General,  20. 

Pickett,  General,  41,  42. 

Pleasants,  Henry,  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel, 9. 

Pomeroy,  Andrew  A.,  Lieutenant, 
42. 

Pomeroy,  John  J.,  Reverend,  22, 38. 

Potter,  Robert  B.,  General,  10. 


R. 

Ransom,  General,  34. 

Ream's  Station,  29. 

Regiment,  Fourteenth  Xew  York 
Artillery,  34. 

Regiment,  Fortieth  Xew  York  In- 
fantry, 20. 

Regiment,  One  Hundred  and 
Eighty-fifth  New  York  In- 
fantry, 17,  36. 

Regiment,  Twenty-first  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  17. 

Regiment,  Forty-eighth  Pennsyl- 
vania Infantry,  9. 

Regiment,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
fifth  Pennsylvania  Infantry. 
36. 

Regiment,  Third  Infantry,  Penn- 
sylvania Reserves,  2,  23. 

Regiment,  Tenth  Infantry,  United 
States,  20. 

Rosser,  General,  42. 

S. 

Schroeder,  Isaac,  Captain,  42. 

Seitzinger,  A.  W.,  Lieutenant,  41. 

Sheridan,  Philip  H.,  Major-General, 
33,  38,  42,  44,  46,  47,  49,  50,  53, 
55,  58. 

Sherman,  William  Tecumseh, 
Major-General,  28,  33,  34. 

Sickel,  Horatio  Gates,  Major-Gen- 
eral, 1,  2,  4,  13,  30,  31,  36,  37,  38. 

Smith,  Doctor,  42. 

Smith,  William  F.,  General,  6,  7,  50. 

Sniper,  Colonel,  36. 

Spackman,  Thomas  C.,  Captain,  37. 

Spottsylvania,  20. 

Stanton,  John,  Captain,  46. 

Smythe,  —  — ,  General,  30,  54. 

Sussex  Court  House,  25,  27. 

T. 

Terry,  Alfred  H.,  General.  8. 
Trevino,  General,  16. 


136  INDEX. 

U. 
Union  League,  1,  2. 

V. 

Vicksburg,  16. 

W. 

Wadsworth,  James  S.,  Major-Gen- 
eral, 11. 

Warren,  Governeur  K.,  Major-Gen- 
eral, 8,  10,  11,  13,  15,  20,  24,  38, 
40,  42,  43,  44,  46. 

Weldon  Eailroad,  8,  10,  11,  24,  25, 
26. 

Weitzel,   Godfrey,  Major-General, 


Wheeler,  General,  28. 

Wilcox,  O.  B.,  General,  10,  34. 

Wilderness,  30. 

Williams,  Seth,  Adjutant-General, 

3. 

Williams,  Hiram,  Private,  58. 
Wilson,  James  H.,  General. 
Wise,  Henry  A.,  General,  61. 
Wise,  Henry  E.,  General,  42. 
Wright,  H.  G.,  General,  8,  47,  50, 

55. 
Wrigley,  Samuel,  Captain,  37. 

Z. 

Zieber,  Augustus,  Private,  41. 


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